Evolution of Palaeo-drainage System and Its Relationship with the Formation of Desert Landform in the Kumtag Desert
Evolution of Palaeo-drainage System and Its Relationship with the Formation of Desert Landform in the Kumtag Desert
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发表时间：
2008
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通讯作者：
Ding Feng
中科院分区：
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作者：
Ding Feng
通过对库木塔格沙漠的调查，利用调查资料，结合遥感影像、1：10万地形图和文献资料，研究了库木塔格沙漠古水系的演化及其与沙漠地貌形成的关系。初步得出以下结论：阿尔金山脉在早第四纪强烈隆升后，大量沉积被剥蚀、洪水输送，并堆积在阿尔金山北缘山前。堆积过程不仅增加了洪积扇的深度，而且抬升了其前高程，导致古水系向东偏转。阿尔金山隆起稳定后，洪水侵蚀了洪积扇，形成了红柳、小泉、索索等沟壑。在河流侵蚀的基础上，强烈的风蚀形成了独特的沙漠景观，如羽状沙丘。沙漠中出现的大片砾石地貌是洪水事件在较短的时间内形成的。此外，海拔840米处出现的湖泊沉积表明，罗布泊曾与哈拉湖通过阿齐克谷相连。在湖泊萎缩后，古疏勒河和北山洪水分别从东、北冲刷湖相沉积，风蚀形成了两组近乎垂直的雅当地貌。
After surveying the Kumtag Desert,the evolution of palaeo-drainage system and its relationship with the formation of desert landform in the Kumtag Desert were studied using survey data,by combining remote sensing images with 1:100,000 scale topographic map and literatures.Some preliminary conclusions were obtained,that is,after the intense uplift of the Altun Mountains in the early Quaternary,a mass of deposition were denuded and conveyed by flood and accumulated on the northern piedmont of the Altun Mountains.The process of accumulation increased not only the depth of the pluvial fan but also lifted its anterior elevation,resulting in eastward deflexion of the palaeo-drainage system,due to lower elevation in the eastern side.After stabilization of the uplift of the Altun Mountains,the flood eroded the pluvial fan,and the gullies,such as Hongliu,Xiaoquan,Suosuo and so on were formed.On the basis of fluviation,the unique desert landscape such as plumed dunes had been formed through intensive wind erosion.The widespread gravel reliefs occurring in desert were constructed by flood events in a relatively short period of time.In addition,the lacustrine sediments appeared at 840 m above sea level reveals that Lop Nur was once connected with Hala lake by Aqik valley.After lake shrinkage,the ancient Shule river and floods from the northern hills gullied the lacustrine sediments from east and north respectively,and two groups of almost vertical Yardang landforms were shaped by wind erosion.