Infections with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in poultry flocks
Infections with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in poultry flocks
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DOI：
10.1017/s0043933913000822
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发表时间：
2013-12-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Mazurkiewicz, M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bobrek, K.;Gawel, A.;Mazurkiewicz, M.
家禽群中丹毒的严重疾病爆发是由感染猪丹毒丝菌引起的。这种疾病发生在广泛的家禽中，包括火鸡、肉鸡、母鸡、鹅和野鸡群。丹毒通常在鸟类中以败血症的形式出现急性病程。感染E.风湿病通过受损的皮肤或粘膜发生。死亡前出现的症状包括不稳定的运动和缺乏协调的运动。慢性细菌感染主要发生在接种过丹毒疫苗的火鸡身上，除了影响关节外，还可能发生心内膜炎。通常情况下，尸体状况良好，肌肉发达，尽管皮下脂肪和大腿肌肉可能会出现瘀斑，而内脏器官会变大，如肝脏，脾脏和肾脏。组织学检查显示实质器官中有重大血管变化。很少观察到与大血管梗死相关的坏死点，而更可能观察到实质器官的溢出性退行性变化。火鸡是唯一注册了丹毒疫苗的家禽品种;然而，这种疫苗接种对其他家禽也有效。E.红斑病主要对青霉素敏感，但也对头孢菌素类、四环素类、喹啉类、克林霉素、红霉素和哌拉西林敏感。
Severe disease outbreaks of erysipelas in poultry flocks are caused by infection with the bacterium Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. This disease occurs in a wide range of poultry, including turkey, broiler chicken, hen, goose, and pheasant flocks. Erysipelas usually follows an acute course in birds, in the form of sepsis. Infections with E. rhusiopathiae occur through damaged skin or mucous membranes. The symptoms that occur just before death include unsteady locomotion and a lack of coordinated movement. A chronic form of bacterial infection primarily occurs in turkeys that have been vaccinated against erysipelas, and, in addition to affecting the joints, endocarditis can occur. Usually, carcasses are in good condition and correctly muscled, although ecchymosis might be visible in subcutaneous fat and thigh muscles, while internal organs become enlarged, such as the liver, spleen and kidneys. Histopathological tests indicate major vascular changes in the parenchymatous organs. Points of necrosis related to the infarctions of the large vessels are rarely observed, whereas spilled degenerative changes of parenchymatous organs are more likely to be observed. Turkeys are the only species of poultry for which vaccines against erysipelas have been registered; however, this vaccination is also effective for other poultry. E. rhusiopathiae is mainly sensitive to penicillin, but also responds to cephalosporins, tetracyclines, quinolines, clindamycin, erythromycin, and piperacillin.