Ecosystem recovery after climatic extremes enhanced by genotypic diversity
Ecosystem recovery after climatic extremes enhanced by genotypic diversity
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0500008102
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发表时间：
2005-02-22
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Worm, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reusch, TBH;Ehlers, A;Worm, B
当代气候变化的特点是平均温度升高和气候变率增加，如热浪、风暴和洪水。人口和社区如何科普这种极端气候是当代生态学和生物多样性保护的核心问题。以前的研究表明，物种多样性可以影响生态系统的功能和恢复力。在这里，我们表明，基因型多样性可以取代物种多样性在物种贫乏的沿海生态系统中的作用，它可以缓冲极端气候事件。在一个操作性的实地实验中，增加了世界性的海草Zostera marina的基因型多样性，提高了生物量的生产，植物密度和动物区系的丰度，尽管由于欧洲各地的极端变暖的近致命的水温。净生物多样性的影响，解释了基因型的互补性，而不是特别强大的基因型的选择。对无脊椎动物区系的积极影响表明，遗传多样性具有二级影响，可达到更高的营养级。我们的研究结果强调了保持遗传和物种多样性的重要性，以提高生态系统的弹性在世界上的不确定性越来越大。
Contemporary climate change is characterized both by increasing mean temperature and increasing climate variability such as heat waves, storms, and floods. How populations and communities cope with such climatic extremes is a question central to contemporary ecology and biodiversity conservation. Previous work has shown that species diversity can affect ecosystem functioning and resilience. Here, we show that genotypic diversity can replace the role of species diversity in a species-poor coastal ecosystem, and it may buffer against extreme climatic events. In a manipulative field experiment, increasing the genotypic diversity of the cosmopolitan seagrass Zostera marina enhanced biomass production, plant density, and faunal abundance, despite near-lethal water temperatures due to extreme warming across Europe. Net biodiversity effects were explained by genotypic complementarity rather than by selection of particularly robust genotypes. Positive effects on invertebrate fauna suggest that genetic diversity has second-order effects reaching higher trophic levels. Our results highlight the importance of maintaining genetic as well as species diversity to enhance ecosystem resilience in a world of increasing uncertainty.