Stress-induced color-pattern modifications and evolution of the painted lady butterflies Vanessa cardui and Vanessa kershawi
Stress-induced color-pattern modifications and evolution of the painted lady butterflies Vanessa cardui and Vanessa kershawi
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DOI：
10.2108/zsj.24.811
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发表时间：
2007-08-01
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Otaki, Joji M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Otaki, Joji M.
有人提出，表型可塑性和通过自然选择的遗传同化部分地决定了最终导致物种形成的趋异选择的方向。为了阐明蝴蝶颜色模式的进化和物种形成的过程中，根据这一假设，一对姐妹物种，彩绘夫人蝴蝶凡妮莎cardui和澳大利亚彩绘夫人蝴蝶凡妮莎kershawi，形态和生理差异进行了调查。结果表明，克氏乌蚊的翅色模式有10个不同的特征，其中大部分特征与其颜色较深有关，只有克氏乌蚊的黑色焦点元中心有蓝色焦点。这两个物种在行为和生活史上的差异似乎很小，但重要的是，V. kershawi倾向于喜欢“有压力”的环境。通过低温或注射毒胡萝卜素（一种应激诱导化学物质）对卡氏弧菌脓毒症进行实验性处理，由于一般应激反应，很容易产生颜色较深和蓝色病灶的个体。这些应激诱导的颜色模式改变被认为是卡氏弧菌表型可塑性的揭示。综上所述，我认为V. kershawi的祖先物种具有相似的表型可塑性。自然选择利用了这种可塑性，并将现在的V. kershawi塑造成一个独立的物种，其特定的颜色模式特征是这种适应过程的副产品。
It has been proposed that phenotypic plasticity and genetic assimilation through natural selection partly determine the direction of divergent selection that eventually results in speciation. To elucidate a process of butterfly color-pattern evolution and speciation in the light of this hypothesis, morphological and physiological differences between a pair of sister species, the Painted Lady butterfly Vanessa cardui and the Australian Painted Lady butterfly Vanessa kershawi, were investigated. Ten different traits of wing color-pattern were indicated, most of which concerned the darker coloration of V. kershawi, with the notable exception of the blue foci at the center of the black focal elements only in V. kershawi. Differences in behavior and life history between the two species appeared to be minimal, but importantly, V. kershawi tends to prefer a "stressful" and environment. The experimental treatment of pupae of V. cardui either by low temperature or by injection of thapsigargin, a stress-inducing chemical, readily produced individuals with the darker coloration and the blue foci as a result of a general stress response. These stress-induced color-pattern modifications were considered to be the revelation of phenotypic plasticity in V. cardui. Taken together, I propose that the ancestral species of V. kershawi had similar phenotypic plasticity. Natural selection exploited this plasticity and shaped the present V. kershawi as an independent species, whose specific color-pattern traits are by-products of this adaptation process.