Evaluation of bacterial and fungal diversity in a long-term spring wheat - field pea rotation field under different tillage practices
Evaluation of bacterial and fungal diversity in a long-term spring wheat - field pea rotation field under different tillage practices
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不同耕作方式下春小麦-豌豆长期轮作田细菌和真菌多样性评价
DOI：
10.1139/cjss-2017-0155
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发表时间：
2018-12-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Cai, Liqun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Essel, Eunice;Li, Lingling;Cai, Liqun
土壤管理措施有可能改变农田微生物的多样性和功能。本研究的目的是调查15年小麦-豌豆轮作试验中细菌和真菌的多样性。试验处理包括常规耕作留茬、免耕留茬、免耕留茬和常规耕作留茬。利用Illumina高通量测序平台对0-10 cm和10-30 cm土壤样品中细菌16 S rRNA（V3 V4）和真菌内转录间隔区（ITS 2）基因进行测序。在两种处理深度的97%相似性临界值下鉴定的优势细菌和真菌门为变形菌门（26.3%）、放线菌门（25.1%）、酸杆菌门（15.0%）、芽单胞菌门（8.8%）、子囊菌门（85.8%）和担子菌门（8.0%）。0-10 cm土层微生物多样性指数、总有机碳、微生物量碳、氮、NO3-N、NH 4-N显著高于对照（p < 0.05）。耕作和留茬效应与变形菌门、放线菌门、芽单胞菌门、JL-ETNP-Z39门、硝化螺菌门、绿弯菌门、厚壁菌门以及其他已鉴定和未鉴定的微生物小门有显著相关性。免耕和秸秆还田措施通过改善土壤化学性质影响真菌和细菌物种多样性，从而有可能影响土壤微生物的生境和活性。因此，免耕留茬可以改善土壤质量，促进黄土高原丘陵沟壑区农业可持续发展。
Soil management practices have the potential to modify the diversity and function of microbes in agricultural fields. The aim of this study was to investigate bacterial and fungal diversity in a 15 yr wheat-pea rotation tillage experiment. The treatments included conventional tillage with stubble removed, no-till with stubble removed, no-till with stubble retained (NTS), and conventional tillage with stubble incorporated. Illumina high-throughput sequencing platform was employed to sequence bacteria 16S rRNA (V3V4) and fungi internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) region genes in 0-10 cm and 10-30 cm of soil sampled. The dominant bacterial and fungal phyla identified at 97% similarity cutoff across both depths of treatments were Proteobacteria (26.3%), Actinobacteria (25.1%), Acidobacteria (15.0%), Gemmatimonadetes (8.8%), Ascomycota (85.8%), and Basidiomycota (8.0%). NTS had significantly (p < 0.05) higher microbial diversity indices, total organic carbon, soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, NO3-N, and NH4-N at 0-10 cm depth. Tillage and stubble effects had a significant correlation with some phyla such as Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, JL-ETNP-Z39, Nitrospirae, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, and other identified and unidentified minor microbial phyla. No-till and residue retention practices influenced fungal and bacterial species diversity through improved soil chemical properties, which have potential to affect the habitat and activity of soil microbes. Therefore, no-till and stubble retention could improve soil quality and promote sustainable agriculture in the rainfed Loess Plateau.