Glass beads from Guishan in Iron Age Taiwan: bead exchange in Taiwan and between Southeast Asia
Glass beads from Guishan in Iron Age Taiwan: bead exchange in Taiwan and between Southeast Asia
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台湾铁器时代龟山玻璃珠：台湾与东南亚之间的珠子交换
DOI：
10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102737
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C Jackson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang KW;KT Li;Y Iizuka;YK Hsieh;C Jackson
台湾南部桂山的考古发掘发现了公元1世纪中叶的100多颗玻璃珠子。本研究以桂山玻璃珠为材料，采用扫描电子显微镜、电子探针、LA-ICPMS等分析手段，分析了桂山玻璃珠的风格、化学成分和显微结构，考察了桂山与台湾东部和东南亚之间的玻璃珠交换情况。这些发现表明，具有m-Na-Al玻璃和v-Na-Ca成分的珠子是最常见的，支持了桂山和东南亚之间珠子交流的证据，这些珠子起源于南亚和西亚。此外，大多数m-Na-Al玻璃是由铜着色的，不同类型的铜基添加剂可能用于不同的颜色，这表明珠子可能来自东南亚的多个生产中心或车间。相反，玻璃珠的成分表明，除了一种含有骨灰的黄色玻璃珠外，台湾其他同时代遗址之间的玻璃珠交换在桂山并不明显。桂山的这种含有黄色玻璃的骨灰，在铁器时代的台湾以及南中国海域附近首次被发现。在台湾东南部和东部沿海的考古遗址也发现了类似的玻璃珠，这可能表明有小规模的玻璃珠交换。这些证据共同表明，桂山、台湾东部、东南亚和其他地区之间存在着一个充满活力的玻璃珠交换网络。
Archaeological excavations at Guishan in the southern end of Taiwan have recovered more than a hundred glass beads dating to mid-1st millennium CE. This research investigates the exchange of glass beads between Guishan, eastern Taiwan and Southeast Asia, by analysing the styles, chemical composition and microstructure of 64 glass beads from Guishan, using SEM-EDS, EPMA and LA-ICP-MS. The findings suggest that beads with an m-Na-Al glass and v-Na-Ca composition are the most common, supporting evidence for bead exchange between Guishan and Southeast Asia, originated in South Asia and Western Asia. Furthermore, most m-Na-Al glasses were coloured by copper, and different types of copper-based additives may have been used for different colours, indicating the beads may be derived from multiple production centres or workshops via Southeast Asia. Conversely, the glass bead compositions suggest that glass bead exchange between other contemporary sites in Taiwan is less evident at Guishan, except for one type of yellow glass bead containing bone ash which is different. This bone-ash containing yellow glass at Guishan is firstly identified in Iron Age Taiwan as well as around the South China Sea region. Its counterparts are also found from archaeological sites in southeastern and coastal eastern Taiwan, which might indicate small scale glass bead exchange. This evidence together suggests a dynamic glass bead exchange network between Guishan, eastern Taiwan, Southeast Asia and beyond.