Robust Watermarking of Compressed and Encrypted JPEG2000 Images
Robust Watermarking of Compressed and Encrypted JPEG2000 Images
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DOI：
10.1109/tmm.2011.2181342
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发表时间：
2012-06
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
A. Subramanyam;S. Emmanuel;M. Kankanhalli
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Subramanyam;S. Emmanuel;M. Kankanhalli
数字资产管理系统（DAMS）通常以压缩和加密的形式处理媒体数据。有时为了篡改检测、所有权声明或版权管理的目的，有必要在压缩加密域本身对这些压缩加密的媒体项目添加水印。对这些压缩加密流添加水印是一项挑战，因为压缩过程会将原始媒体的信息压缩到少量比特中，而加密会使压缩后的比特流随机化。试图对这样一个随机化的比特流添加水印可能会导致媒体质量严重下降。因此，有必要选择一种既安全又能在压缩加密域中以可预测的方式添加水印的加密方案。在本文中，我们提出了一种鲁棒的水印算法，用于对JPEG2000压缩和加密的图像添加水印。我们建议使用的加密算法是一种流密码。虽然所提出的技术在压缩加密域中嵌入水印，但水印的提取可以在解密域中进行。我们使用以下水印方案详细研究了所提出算法的嵌入容量、鲁棒性、感知质量和安全性：扩频（SS）、标量科斯塔方案量化索引调制（SCS - QIM）和有理抖动调制（RDM）。
Digital asset management systems (DAMS) generally handle media data in a compressed and encrypted form. It is sometimes necessary to watermark these compressed encrypted media items in the compressed-encrypted domain itself for tamper detection or ownership declaration or copyright management purposes. It is a challenge to watermark these compressed encrypted streams as the compression process would have packed the information of raw media into a low number of bits and encryption would have randomized the compressed bit stream. Attempting to watermark such a randomized bit stream can cause a dramatic degradation of the media quality. Thus it is necessary to choose an encryption scheme that is both secure and will allow watermarking in a predictable manner in the compressed encrypted domain. In this paper, we propose a robust watermarking algorithm to watermark JPEG2000 compressed and encrypted images. The encryption algorithm we propose to use is a stream cipher. While the proposed technique embeds watermark in the compressed-encrypted domain, the extraction of watermark can be done in the decrypted domain. We investigate in detail the embedding capacity, robustness, perceptual quality and security of the proposed algorithm, using these watermarking schemes: Spread Spectrum (SS), Scalar Costa Scheme Quantization Index Modulation (SCS-QIM), and Rational Dither Modulation (RDM).