Wind-induced ventilation of the burrow of the prairie-dog,Cynomys ludovicianus
Wind-induced ventilation of the burrow of the prairie-dog,Cynomys ludovicianus
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草原土拨鼠洞穴的风致通风
DOI：
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发表时间：
1973
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Kilgore
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Vogel;C. Ellington;D. Kilgore
流体流过表面时，例如风流过地球时，所产生的速度梯度提供了潜在的功源。这种梯度可能被一种穴居动物用来在它那又长又窄的洞穴中诱导空气流动。黑尾草原犬的洞穴构成了一个非常大的呼吸死腔，其中的扩散似乎不足以进行气体交换。但洞穴的布置方式适合于风引起的通风，通常在相对的两端有两个开口，并在这些开口周围有两种形式的土丘（图3），每一端有一种形式。当微风穿过土丘时，空气通过较低的土堆进入洞穴，并通过较高的土堆离开。在风洞中的一个模型洞穴中，用真实的土丘的比例模型也可以明显看出同样的单向流动;洞穴内的流动几乎是土丘上流动的线性函数（图4）。在模型洞穴中的风诱导通风也可以通过形状不同但高度不同的模型土丘来诱导。边缘尖锐的土丘比顶部圆形的土墩更容易通风;在自然界中，这种形状上的差异弥补了高度上的差异。
SummaryWhere a fluid flows across a surface, such as wind over the earth, the velocity gradient created provides a potential source of work. This gradient might be employed by one burrowing animal to induce air-flow in its long, narrow burrow. The burrow of the black-tailed prairie-dog constitutes a respiratory dead-space of extraordinary magnitude in which diffusion appears inadequate for gas exchange. But the burrow is arranged in a manner appropriate for wind-induced ventilation, typically with two openings at opposite ends and with mounds surrounding these openings of two forms (Fig. 3), with one form on each end.When a breeze crosses the mounds, air enters the burrow through the lower mound and leaves through the higher. The same unidirectional flow is evident with scale models of real mounds on a model burrow in a wind tunnel; flow inside the burrow is nearly a linear function of flow across the mounds (Fig. 4). Wind-induced ventilation in the model burrow could also be induced with model mounds differing in shape but not height. Mounds with sharp rims were more effective exits for air than mounds with rounded tops; in nature such shape differences complement the differences in height.