Land Use for Edible Protein of Animal Origin-A Review.
Land Use for Edible Protein of Animal Origin-A Review.
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DOI：
10.3390/ani7030025
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发表时间：
2017-03-18
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Südekum KH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Flachowsky G;Meyer U;Südekum KH
世界人口的增长导致了对更多和更好质量的食物的更高需求。未来，对耕地和其他不可再生资源的竞争将越来越激烈。动物来源的蛋白质是非常宝贵的必需营养素来源，但其生产消耗资源并导致排放。本研究的目的是在考虑重要影响因素的情况下，对不同动物种类和类别的食用动物蛋白生产用地进行实例计算。结果发现，肉鸡每公斤体重的产量最高，肉牛的可食用蛋白产量最低，土地需求量最高。目前这一时期的特点是世界人口不断增长，对更多和更好质量的粮食以及其他产品的需求增加，以提高生活水平。未来，对耕地和不可再生资源（如化石碳源、水和某些矿物质）的竞争将越来越激烈，食物、饲料、燃料、纤维、花卉和乐趣（6 F）之间的竞争也将越来越激烈。动物来源的蛋白质，如牛奶、肉类、鱼类、蛋类，可能还有昆虫，是必需氨基酸、矿物质和维生素的非常宝贵的来源，但它们的生产消耗了一些不可再生资源，包括耕地，并造成相当大的排放。因此，本研究的目的是计算用于生产食用动物蛋白的土地利用（耕地和草地）的一些例子，同时考虑重要的动物物种/类别，植物和动物产量水平，后者估计有和没有来自农业的副产品，以及动物饲养中的食品/生物燃料工业。动物物种/类别之间存在很大差异，其生产可食用蛋白质的潜力取决于许多影响变量。每公斤体重的产量最高的是肉鸡，其次是产蛋鸡和奶牛;食用蛋白产量最低的是肉牛，土地需求量最高。该综述清楚地表明，动物源性食品的生产是一个非常复杂的过程，如果只注重单一因素，就不能提供反映问题复杂性的评估。
The growing world population has led to a higher demand for more and better quality food. In the future, there will be increasingly strong competition for arable land and other non-renewable resources. Proteins of animal origin are very valuable sources of essential nutrients, but their production consumes resources and causes emissions. The aim of this study was to calculate exemplarily the land use for production of edible animal protein from different animal species and categories in consideration of important influencing factors. Large differences were found with the highest amounts per kilogram of body weight produced by broiler chickens and the lowest yields in edible protein and the highest land need observed for beef cattle. The present period is characterized by a growing world population and a higher demand for more and better quality food, as well as other products for an improved standard of living. In the future, there will be increasingly strong competition for arable land and non-renewable resources such as fossil carbon-sources, water, and some minerals, as well as between food, feed, fuel, fiber, flowers, and fun (6 F’s). Proteins of animal origin like milk, meat, fish, eggs and, probably, insects are very valuable sources of essential amino acids, minerals and vitamins, but their production consumes some non-renewable resources including arable land and causes considerable emissions. Therefore, this study´s objective was to calculate some examples of the land use (arable land and grassland) for production of edible animal protein taking into consideration important animal species/categories, levels of plant and animal yields, the latter estimated with and without co-products from agriculture, and the food/biofuel industry in animal feeding. There are large differences between animal species/categories and their potential to produce edible protein depending on many influencing variables. The highest amounts per kilogram body weight are produced by growing broiler chicken followed by laying hens and dairy cows; the lowest yields in edible protein and the highest land need were observed for beef cattle. This review clearly indicates that the production of food of animal origin is a very complex process, and selective considerations, i.e., focusing on single factors, do not provide an assessment that reflects the complexity of the subject.