Three-dimensional electronic microfliers inspired by wind-dispersed seeds
Three-dimensional electronic microfliers inspired by wind-dispersed seeds
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-021-03847-y
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发表时间：
2021-09-23
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Rogers, John A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kim, Bong Hoon;Li, Kan;Rogers, John A.
以风分散种子为灵感的设计，实现了一系列宏观、中观和微观尺度的三维被动飞行器，可以承载主动电子有效载荷。大规模的小型无线电子设备(1，2)的分布式集合可能构成未来环境监测(3)、人口监测(4)、疾病管理(5)和其他需要覆盖广泛空间尺度的应用的基础。我们需要空中计划来分配此类网络的组件，并受散风种子的启发(6)，我们研究了为在自然环境或城市环境中进行受控、无动力飞行而设计的被动结构。机械导引组装三维(3D)介观结构(7-9)的技术提供了为此目的而优化的微型3D飞片，其工艺与电子、光电、微流体和微电子机械技术的最复杂生产技术相一致。在这里，我们展示了一系列以这种方式制作的3D宏观、中观和微尺度的传单，包括那些结合了有源电子和色度有效载荷的传单。对这类高性能结构的空气动力学的分析、计算和实验研究建立了一套仿生设计的基本考虑因素，重点放在表现出受控旋转运动学和低末端速度的3D飞行器上。一种将这些复杂的3D结构表示为离散数量的叶片的方法以简单的解析标度形式捕获了基本物理，并通过计算和实验结果进行了验证。用于环境测量的无电池无线设备和色度传感器提供了这些不同寻常的概念广泛应用的简单例子。
With a design inspired by wind-dispersed seeds, a series of three-dimensional passive fliers at the macro-, meso- and microscale are realized that can bear active electronic payloads.Large, distributed collections of miniaturized, wireless electronic devices(1,2) may form the basis of future systems for environmental monitoring(3), population surveillance(4), disease management(5) and other applications that demand coverage over expansive spatial scales. Aerial schemes to distribute the components for such networks are required, and-inspired by wind-dispersed seeds(6)-we examined passive structures designed for controlled, unpowered flight across natural environments or city settings. Techniques in mechanically guided assembly of three-dimensional (3D) mesostructures(7-9) provide access to miniature, 3D fliers optimized for such purposes, in processes that align with the most sophisticated production techniques for electronic, optoelectronic, microfluidic and microelectromechanical technologies. Here we demonstrate a range of 3D macro-, meso- and microscale fliers produced in this manner, including those that incorporate active electronic and colorimetric payloads. Analytical, computational and experimental studies of the aerodynamics of high-performance structures of this type establish a set of fundamental considerations in bio-inspired design, with a focus on 3D fliers that exhibit controlled rotational kinematics and low terminal velocities. An approach that represents these complex 3D structures as discrete numbers of blades captures the essential physics in simple, analytical scaling forms, validated by computational and experimental results. Battery-free, wireless devices and colorimetric sensors for environmental measurements provide simple examples of a wide spectrum of applications of these unusual concepts.