Epigenetic regulation of X-inactivation in human embryonic stem cells
Epigenetic regulation of X-inactivation in human embryonic stem cells
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DOI：
10.4161/epi.4.1.7438
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Fan, Guoping
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dvash, Tamar;Fan, Guoping
X染色体失活（XCI）允许哺乳动物雌性细胞中性染色体表达的剂量补偿。虽然这种机制在小鼠模式生物中得到了广泛的研究，但在人类发育过程中的相应机制在很大程度上是未知的。人类胚胎干细胞（hESC）的产生为解决人类早期胚胎发生提供了宝贵的工具。尽管hESC被认为揭示了早期人类胚胎发生中的XCI过程，但以前的研究在很大程度上表明了这些细胞中XCI状态的不一致性。最近，新的数据表明，体外培养可能会影响表观遗传机制，如XCI。在这篇综述中，我们将介绍现有的数据XCI的变化在hESC相比，从小鼠胚胎和胚胎干细胞的数据。我们还将提出可能的解释，在有关XCI在hESC的文献中的相互矛盾的意见。
X chromosome inactivation (XCI) allows dosage compensation of the expression from sex chromosome in mammalian female cells. Although this mechanism is extensively studied in the mouse model organism, the corresponding mechanism during human development is largely unknown. The generation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) provides an invaluable tool to address early embryogenesis in humans. Even though hESCs were supposed to shed light on the XCI process in early human embryogenesis, previous studies largely indicated inconsistency in the status of XCI in these cells. Recently, new data suggested that in vitro culture might affect epigenetic mechanisms such as XCI. In this review we will present the existing data regarding XCI variations in hESC as compared to data from the mouse embryo and embryonic stem cells. We will also suggest possible explanations for the conflicting observations in the literature regarding XCI in hESCs.