Similarity, uncertainty, and masking in the identification of nonspeech auditory patterns
Similarity, uncertainty, and masking in the identification of nonspeech auditory patterns
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DOI：
10.1121/1.1448342
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发表时间：
2002-03-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Arbogast, TL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kidd, G;Mason, CR;Arbogast, TL
本研究考察了增加信息掩蔽者和信号之间的相似性是否会增加非语音模式识别任务中获得的掩蔽量。这些信号是以六种窄带频谱时间模式排列的纯音突发连续序列。信息掩蔽物是与信号音同步播放的多音突发序列。受试者的任务是在一个1-间隔6-选择的强迫选择程序中识别模式。根据不同的随机化规则生成了三种类型的多音掩蔽。对于最不像信号的信息掩蔽物，在200-6500 Hz的频率范围内随机选择每个多音突发中的分量，不包括信号频率周围的“保护区域”。对于中间掩蔽，在第一个脉冲串中的频率分量被准随机地选择，但是在连续脉冲串中的分量被约束为落在初始脉冲串中的分量的频率周围的窄频带中。在窄频带内，频率是随机的。这种掩蔽被认为是更类似于信号模式，因为它由一组窄带序列组成，其中任何一个都可能被误认为是信号模式。最像信号的掩蔽声与中间掩蔽声相似，它由一组同步播放的窄带序列组成，但每个序列中的频率变化是正弦曲线，大致完成一个序列中的一个周期。这个掩蔽物由可辨别的模式组成，但不是信号集合的一部分。此外，掩蔽产生的高斯噪声脉冲被认为是产生主要基于周边的“充满活力的掩蔽”进行了测量和比较的信息掩蔽的结果。对于三个信息掩蔽，更多的掩蔽产生的掩蔽由窄带序列组成的掩蔽比掩蔽的频率不限于窄带。此外，三个信息掩蔽的性能水平函数的斜率比高斯噪声掩蔽或没有掩蔽的要浅得多。研究结果提供了合格的支持的假设，增加信号和掩蔽，或部分掩蔽之间的相似性，导致更大的信息掩蔽。然而，也有可能更大的掩蔽是增加了必须由听者评估的感知“流”的数量的结果。(C)2002年美国声学学会。
This study examined whether increasing the similarity between informational maskers and signals would increase the amount of masking, obtained in a nonspeech pattern identification task. The signals were contiguous sequences of pure-tone bursts arranged in six narrow-band spectro-temporal patterns. The informational maskers were sequences of multitone bursts played synchronously with the signal tones. The listener's task was to identify the patterns in a 1-interval 6-alternative forced-choice procedure. Three types of multitone maskers were generated according to different randomization rules. For the least signal-like informational masker, the components in each multitone burst were chosen at random within the frequency range of 200-6500 Hz, excluding a "protected region" around the signal frequencies. For the intermediate masker, the frequency components in the first burst were chosen quasirandomly, but the components in successive bursts were constrained to fall in narrow frequency bands around the frequencies of the components in the initial burst. Within the narrow bands the frequencies were randomized. This masker was considered to be more similar to the signal patterns because it consisted of a set of narrow-band sequences any one of which might be mistaken for a signal pattern. The most signal-like masker was similar to the intermediate masker in that it consisted of a set of synchronously played narrow-band sequences, but the variation in frequency within each sequence was sinusoidal, completing roughly one period in a sequence. This masker consisted of discernible patterns but not patterns that were part of the set of signals. In addition, masking produced by Gaussian noise bursts-thought to produce primarily peripherally based "energetic masking"-was measured and compared to the informational masking results. For the three informational maskers, more masking was produced by the maskers comprised of narrow-band sequences than for the masker in which the frequencies were not constrained to narrow bands. Also, the slopes of the performance-level functions for the three informational maskers were much shallower than for the Gaussian noise masker or for no masker. The findings provided qualified support for the hypothesis that increasing the similarity between signals and maskers, or parts of the maskers, causes greater informational masking. However, it is also possible that the greater masking was a consequence of increasing the number of perceptual "streams" that had to be evaluated by the listener. (C) 2002 Acoustical Society of America.