Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Medicine: Promises, Ethical Challenges and Governance
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Medicine: Promises, Ethical Challenges and Governance
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DOI：
10.24920/003611
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发表时间：
2019-06-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Guan, Jian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guan, Jian
人工智能（AI）正在迅速应用于包括医学在内的广泛领域，并被认为是一种可以增强或替代初级医疗保健领域人类专业人员的方法。然而，人工智能也带来了一些挑战和道德问题。在本文中，作者从三个方面对人工智能在医学和医疗保健领域的应用和前景、人工智能在某些前沿领域的特殊伦理问题以及具有启发性的伦理治理体系三个方面进行了调查和讨论。尽管人工智能前沿研发在医疗领域潜力巨大，但其应用引发的伦理挑战对治理提出了新的要求。为确保人工智能在医疗保健和医学领域的“可信”应用，建议建立道德的全球治理框架和体系，以及人工智能在医学前沿应用的专门指南。最重要的方面包括政府在道德审计中的角色以及利益相关者在道德治理体系中的责任。
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly being applied to a wide range of fields, including medicine, and has been considered as an approach that may augment or substitute human professionals in primary healthcare. However, AI also raises several challenges and ethical concerns. In this article, the author investigates and discusses three aspects of AI in medicine and healthcare: the application and promises of AI, special ethical concerns pertaining to AI in some frontier fields, and suggestive ethical governance systems. Despite great potentials of frontier AI research and development in the field of medical care, the ethical challenges induced by its applications has put forward new requirements for governance. To ensure "trustworthy" AI applications in healthcare and medicine, the creation of an ethical global governance framework and system as well as special guidelines for frontier AI applications in medicine are suggested. The most important aspects include the roles of governments in ethical auditing and the responsibilities of stakeholders in the ethical governance system.