Engaging research with policy and action: what are the challenges of responding to zoonotic disease in Africa?
Engaging research with policy and action: what are the challenges of responding to zoonotic disease in Africa?
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2016.0172
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发表时间：
2017-07-19
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Dzingirai V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bardosh KL;Scoones JC;Grace D;Kalema-Zikusoka G;Jones KE;de Balogh K;Waltner-Toews D;Bett B;Welburn SC;Mumford E;Dzingirai V
在未来几十年中，人畜共患病将继续受到公共政策的高度关注。从全球大流行病的幽灵到对农业变革、城市化、社会不平等和自然生态系统面临的威胁的焦虑，有效地防范和应对地方病和新出现的疾病将需要技术、体制和社会创新。目前的许多讨论都强调需要采取“一个健康”的方法：弥合学科和部门，以解决这些复杂的动态。然而，随着关注度的提高，人们也认识到了将多学科、多部门研究与政策、行动和影响联系起来的实际挑战。在这份评论文件中，我们对这些问题进行了思考，特别提到了非洲次大陆。我们根据现有文献、专家意见以及在2016年的一次国际研讨会上对领先的One Health学者和从业者进行的11次采访，构建了我们分析的主题。我们强调在研究和知识生产方面、在执行和外联的困难领域以及在决策和确定优先事项的政治化性质方面的各种挑战。然后，我们将注意力转向一些可能有助于重新配置当前路径和公认实践规范的策略。其中包括：（i）挑战科学专门知识;（ii）加强国家多部门协调;（iii）在行之有效的基础上再接再厉;（iv）重新制定政策说明。我们认为，弥合非洲的研究-政策-行动界面，并在21世纪更好地连接人畜共患病，生态系统和福祉，最终将需要更多地关注科学和公共政策的民主化。这篇文章是主题问题“一个健康的变化世界：人畜共患病，生态系统和人类福祉”的一部分。
Zoonotic diseases will maintain a high level of public policy attention in the coming decades. From the spectre of a global pandemic to anxieties over agricultural change, urbanization, social inequality and threats to natural ecosystems, effectively preparing and responding to endemic and emerging diseases will require technological, institutional and social innovation. Much current discussion emphasizes the need for a ‘One Health’ approach: bridging disciplines and sectors to tackle these complex dynamics. However, as attention has increased, so too has an appreciation of the practical challenges in linking multi-disciplinary, multi-sectoral research with policy, action and impact. In this commentary paper, we reflect on these issues with particular reference to the African sub-continent. We structure the themes of our analysis on the existing literature, expert opinion and 11 interviews with leading One Health scholars and practitioners, conducted at an international symposium in 2016. We highlight a variety of challenges in research and knowledge production, in the difficult terrain of implementation and outreach, and in the politicized nature of decision-making and priority setting. We then turn our attention to a number of strategies that might help reconfigure current pathways and accepted norms of practice. These include: (i) challenging scientific expertise; (ii) strengthening national multi-sectoral coordination; (iii) building on what works; and (iv) re-framing policy narratives. We argue that bridging the research-policy-action interface in Africa, and better connecting zoonoses, ecosystems and well-being in the twenty-first century, will ultimately require greater attention to the democratization of science and public policy. This article is part of the themed issue ‘One Health for a changing world: zoonoses, ecosystems and human well-being’.