A heuristic approach to the formulas for population attributable fraction
A heuristic approach to the formulas for population attributable fraction
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DOI：
10.1136/jech.55.7.508
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发表时间：
2001-07-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Hanley, JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hanley, JA
背景-由于人口归因分数的定义公式在应用中通常不能直接使用，因此需要单独的估计公式。然而，大多数流行病学教科书将其覆盖范围限制在莱文公式，该公式基于人群中感兴趣的暴露的（二分）分布。很少有人提出或解释Miettinen的公式，根据案件中的暴露分布;甚至很少有人提出相应的公式，用于超过两个暴露水平的情况。因此，许多健康研究人员和公共卫生从业人员不知道，或不相信他们使用这些公式，特别是当他们涉及几个暴露水平，或混淆factors.Methods/Results-A启发式的方法，再加上图片表示，提供帮助理解和互连背后的莱文和Miettinen公式的结构。图示说明了如何正确处理几个曝光水平，以及为什么常用的方法是不正确的。正确和不正确的方法也提出的情况下，估计必须汇总分层的一个混杂因素。
Background-As the definitional formula for population attributable fraction is not usually directly usable in applications, separate estimation formulas are required. However, most epidemiology textbooks limit their coverage to Levin's formula, based on the (dichotomous) distribution of the exposure of interest in the population. Few present or explain Miettinen's formula, based on the distribution of the exposure in the cases; and even fewer present the corresponding formulas for situations with more than two levels of exposure. Thus, many health researchers and public health practitioners are unaware of, or are not confident in their use of, these formulas, particularly when they involve several exposure levels, or confounding factors.Methods/Results-A heuristic approach, coupled with pictorial representations, is offered to help understand and interconnect the structures behind the Levin and Miettinen formulas. The pictorial representation shows how to deal correctly with several exposure levels, and why a commonly used approach is incorrect. Correct and incorrect approaches are also presented for situations where estimates must be aggregated over strata of a confounding factor.