Estimating values of environmental impacts of dairy farming in New Zealand
Estimating values of environmental impacts of dairy farming in New Zealand
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DOI：
10.1080/00288230909510520
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发表时间：
2009-12-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Colombo, Sergio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baskaran, Ramesh;Cullen, Ross;Colombo, Sergio
新西兰是世界上最大的乳制品出口国，供应约三分之一的全球贸易。乳制品行业通过不断提高生产力和强化投入使用，努力保持国际竞争力。日益密集的奶牛养殖和不可持续的农业活动导致清洁空气和水等若干生态系统服务的退化。新西兰乳制品行业因其对环境的影响而受到公众的广泛批评。本文提供了一个案例研究的集约化奶牛养殖在新西兰和其有害的环境影响，如硝酸盐淋溶到溪流和河流，甲烷气体排放，对地表水和地下水的灌溉需求和减少在田园景观的多样性。为了制定有效的政策，促使农民采用更加无害环境的做法，资源管理者和决策者需要了解公众对这些有害环境影响的相对重视程度。该研究使用选择建模方法，特别是混合logit模型，以评估这些相对值（支付意愿），纳入抽样人群中的偏好异质性来源（观察到的和未观察到的异质性）。这项研究为政策制定者提供了有用的信息，有助于设计政策工具，鼓励农民减少奶牛养殖对环境的主要有害影响。
New Zealand is the world's largest exporter of dairy products, supplying about one-third of global trade. The dairy sector strives to maintain international competitiveness by continued increases in productivity and intensification in the use of inputs. Increasing intensity of dairy farming and unsustainable agricultural activities contribute to degradation of several ecosystem services such as clean air and water. The New Zealand dairy industry receives widespread public criticism of its environmental impacts. This paper provides a case study of the intensification of dairy fanning in New Zealand and its detrimental environmental impacts such as nitrate leaching to streams and rivers, methane gas emissions, demands for surface and groundwater for irrigation and reduced variety in pastoral landscapes. To design efficient policies that will induce farmers to adopt more environmentally friendly practices, resource managers and decision makers need information on the relative values attached by the public to these detrimental environmental impacts. The study uses choice modelling method, in particular a mixed logit model, to evaluate these relative values (willingness to pay), incorporating sources of preference heterogeneity (both observed and unobserved heterogeneity) within a sampled population. The research provides information for policy makers that will be useful in designing policy instruments to encourage farmers to reduce the principal harmful effects of dairy farming on the environment.