Phylogeography and evolutionary patterns in Sporothrix spanning more than 14 000 human and animal case reports.
Phylogeography and evolutionary patterns in Sporothrix spanning more than 14 000 human and animal case reports.
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孢子质的植物地理学和进化模式跨越了14 000多个人类和动物病例报告。
DOI：
10.3767/003158515x687416
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发表时间：
2015-12
期刊：
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
de Hoog GS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang Y;Hagen F;Stielow B;Rodrigues AM;Samerpitak K;Zhou X;Feng P;Yang L;Chen M;Deng S;Li S;Liao W;Li R;Li F;Meis JF;Guarro J;Teixeira M;Al-Zahrani HS;Pires de Camargo Z;Zhang L;de Hoog GS
脊椎动物宿主的病理学在Ophiostomatales目中反复出现。墨西哥孢子丝菌偶尔也会感染，但毒力水平较低，而主要的致病菌则聚集在一个衍生的分支中。在本文中，该分支的成员进行了调查，99个临床和36个环境菌株使用4个遗传位点，即rDNA ITS和部分CAL，TEF1，TEF3的遗传和流行病学数据进行了比较扩增片段长度多态性（AFLP）基因分型。致病分支的四个主要物种被确认。该物种被证明具有高度的地方性，这使得在缺乏活材料或遗传信息的情况下能够解释文献数据。四个物种的分支包括九个亚群，这往往有有限的地理分布，并在所有分区彼此分离，这表明低程度的种群间的杂交。相反，S. globosa表现出一致的全球分布相同的AFLP类型，这表明另一种类型的扩散。巴西孢子丝菌是已知的涉及扩大人畜共患病和猫传播，而S。球形菌感染起源于腐烂的植物材料，导致sapronosis。申克孢子丝菌s.str.，进化枝内最易变的种，也有植物起源，与S. globosa。提出了一个假设，即植物材料中的高度特异性条件是促进孢子丝菌生长所必需的。发酵的、自热的植物碎片可能刺激真菌的热依赖性酵母样侵入形式，这有助于哺乳动物的重复感染。
Pathology to vertebrate hosts has emerged repeatedly in the order Ophiostomatales. Occasional infections have been observed in Sporothrix mexicana at a low level of virulence, while the main pathogenic species cluster in a derived clade around S. schenckii s.str. In this paper, phylogeny and epidemiology of the members of this clade were investigated for 99 clinical and 36 environmental strains using four genetic loci, viz. rDNA ITS and partial CAL, TEF1, and TEF3; data are compared with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) genotyping. The four main species of the pathogenic clade were recognised. The species proved to show high degrees of endemicity, which enabled interpretation of literature data where live material or genetic information is lacking. The clade of four species comprised nine subclusters, which often had limited geographic distribution and were separate from each other in all partitions, suggesting low degrees of interbreeding between populations. In contrast, S. globosa exhibited consistent global distribution of identical AFLP types, suggesting another type of dispersal. Sporothrix brasiliensis is known to be involved in an expanding zoonosis and transmitted by cats, whereas S. globosa infections originated from putrid plant material, causing a sapronosis. Sporothrix schenckii s.str., the most variable species within the clade, also had a plant origin, with ecological similarities to that of S. globosa. A hypothesis was put forward that highly specific conditions in the plant material are required to promote the growth of Sporothrix. Fermented, self-heated plant debris may stimulate the thermodependent yeast-like invasive form of the fungus, which facilitates repeated infection of mammals.