High-Resolution AUV Mapping and Targeted ROV Observations of Three Historic Lava Flows at Axial Seamount
High-Resolution AUV Mapping and Targeted ROV Observations of Three Historic Lava Flows at Axial Seamount
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DOI：
10.5670/oceanog.2017.426
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发表时间：
2017-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Portner, Ryan A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clague, David A.;Paduan, Jennifer B.;Portner, Ryan A.
蒙特利湾水族馆研究所（MBARI）开发的自主水下航行器（AUV）以1 m分辨率绘制了1998年、2011年和2015年Axial Seamount喷发产生的熔岩流。2011年和2015年爆发的部分流量是由爆发前和爆发后的AUV调查确定的。MBARI还开发了数据处理软件，精确地将喷发前和喷发后的测量数据进行配准，以便通过从喷发后的网格中减去喷发前的网格来绘制差异图。这种差异图是提取有关喷发过程和熔岩流就位的详细信息的关键。所有三次喷发都始于破火山口的东侧，每一次都在破火山口和南部或北部的裂谷中产生了类似于25 x 10（6）m（3）的薄通道流（具有片状熔岩通道，具有柱状物的叶状熔岩内部，以及远端膨胀的枕状裂片）。1998年和2011年的火山喷发沿着南部裂谷传播，2015年的火山喷发沿着北部裂谷传播。2011年和2015年的喷发形成了浅地堑，围绕着破火山口东缘新的非喷发性开放裂缝，并在上部至中部裂谷上产生了厚的丘状流，2011年的喷发也在南部裂谷下部产生了厚的丘状流。轴海山未来的喷发可能会遵循这种模式，无论哪个裂谷是喷发的地点。
The lava flows produced by eruptions at Axial Seamount in 1998, 2011, and 2015 were mapped at 1 m resolution from autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) developed at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI). A portion of the flows erupted in 2011 and 2015 are defined by pre-and post-eruption AUV surveys. Data processing software, also developed at MBARI, precisely coregisters pre-and post-eruption surveys to allow construction of difference maps by subtracting a pre-eruption grid from a post-eruption grid. Such difference maps are key to extracting detailed information about eruptive processes and emplacement of the lava flows. All three eruptions began on the east side of the caldera, and each produced similar to 25 x 10(6) m(3) of thin channelized flows (with sheet lava channels, lobate lava interiors with pillars, and distal inflated pillow lobes) in the caldera and on the upper south or north rifts. The 1998 and 2011 eruptions propagated down the south rift, and the 2015 eruption propagated down the north rift. The 2011 and 2015 eruptions formed shallow grabens surrounding new non-eruptive open fissures on the east rim of the caldera and produced thick hummocky flows on upper to mid rifts, and the 2011 eruption also produced a thick hummocky flow on the lower south rift. Future eruptions at Axial Seamount will likely follow this pattern, regardless of which rift is the locus of the eruption.