Lactate and Lactate Transporters as Key Players in the Maintenance of the Warburg Effect
Lactate and Lactate Transporters as Key Players in the Maintenance of the Warburg Effect
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-030-34025-4_3
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Baltazar, Fatima
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文献类型：
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作者：
Pereira-Nunes, Andreia;Afonso, Julieta;Baltazar, Fatima
能量代谢的重新编程是癌症的一个关键标志。大多数癌细胞显示糖酵解表型，葡萄糖消耗和糖酵解速率增加，并产生乳酸作为最终产物，与氧浓度无关。这种现象被称为“瓦尔堡效应”，为癌细胞提供了几种存活优势，并调节肿瘤微环境中相邻细胞的代谢和功能。然而，由于肿瘤内存在代谢异质性，癌细胞也可以表现出氧化表型，并且来自微环境的可腐败细胞变得糖酵解，与氧化癌细胞合作以促进肿瘤生长。这种现象被称为“反向瓦尔堡效应”。无论哪种方式，乳酸是癌细胞和微环境之间代谢串扰的关键介质，乳酸转运蛋白通过现有细胞群体差异表达，以支持这种crosstalk.In this review，we will focus on lactate and on lactate transporters in different cells of the tumor microenvironment，旨在更好地理解它们在获得和维持调节癌症进展的直接/反向“瓦尔堡效应”表型中的作用。
Reprogramming of energy metabolism is a key hallmark of cancer. Most cancer cells display a glycolytic phenotype, with increased glucose consumption and glycolysis rates, and production of lactate as the end product, independently of oxygen concentrations. This phenomenon, known as "Warburg Effect", provides several survival advantages to cancer cells and modulates the metabolism and function of neighbour cells in the tumour microenvironment. However, due to the presence of metabolic heterogeneity within a tumour, cancer cells can also display an oxidative phenotype, and corruptible cells from the microenvironment become glycolytic, cooperating with oxidative cancer cells to boost tumour growth. This phenomenon is known as "Reverse Warburg Effect". In either way, lactate is a key mediator in the metabolic crosstalk between cancer cells and the microenvironment, and lactate transporters are expressed differentially by existing cell populations, to support this crosstalk.In this review, we will focus on lactate and on lactate transporters in distinct cells of the tumour microenvironment, aiming at a better understanding of their role in the acquisition and maintenance of the direct/reverse "Warburg effect" phenotype, which modulate cancer progression.