The Behavior of Silver Nanotextiles during Washing
The Behavior of Silver Nanotextiles during Washing
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DOI：
10.1021/es9018332
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发表时间：
2009-11-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Nowack, B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Geranio, L.;Heuberger, M.;Nowack, B.
银纳米颗粒（Ag-NPs）在商业产品，特别是纺织品中的广泛使用将可能导致Ag向环境中的未知扩散。从纳米Ag产品释放的Ag的定量和表征是预测Ag-NPs对环境的影响所需的重要参数。本研究的目的是确定的数量和形式的银释放在洗涤过程中从九个织物与不同的方式银纳入到或到纤维。pH值，表面活性剂和氧化剂的影响进行了评价。结果表明，在与洗涤（pH 10）相关的条件下，Ag-NP几乎不发生溶解，溶解浓度比pH 7低10倍。然而，漂白剂如过氧化氢或过乙酸（由过硼酸盐/TAED系统形成）可以大大加速Ag的溶解。从织物中释放的银离子和颗粒状银的量和形式取决于Ag掺入纺织品的类型。在纺织品一次洗涤过程中释放的总银的百分比在不同产品之间差异很大（从不到1%到45%）。在洗衣机中，大部分Ag（至少50%但大多数>75%）以>450 nm的尺寸级分释放，表明机械应力的主导作用。传统的银纺织品与许多含有纳米银的纺织品相比，在释放的银的尺寸分布上没有显示出任何显著差异。这些结果具有重要的影响，银纺织品的风险评估和纳米银的环境归宿研究，因为它们表明，在相关的条件下洗涤，主要是粗含银颗粒被释放。
The widespread use of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in commercial products, especially textiles, will likely result in an unknown spread of Ag into the environment The quantification and characterization of the Ag released from nano-Ag-products is an important parameter needed to predict the effect of Ag-NPs on the environment. The aim of this study was to determine the amount and the form of Ag released during washing from nine fabrics with different ways of silver incorporation into or onto the fibers. The effect of pH, surfactants, and oxidizing agents was evaluated. The results show that little dissolution of Ag-NPs occurs; under conditions relevant to washing (pH 10) with dissolved concentrations 10 times lower than at pH 7. However, bleaching agents such as hydrogen peroxide or peracetic acid (formed by the perborate/TAED system) can greatly accelerate the dissolution of Ag. The amount and form of Ag released from the fabrics as ionic and particulate Ag depended on the type of Ag-incorporation into the textile. The percentage of the total silver emitted during one washing of the textiles varied considerably among products (from less than 1 to 45%). In the washing machine the majority of the Ag (at least 50% but mostly >75%) was released in the size fraction >450 nm, indicating the dominant role of mechanical stress. A conventional silver textile did not show any significant difference in the size distribution of the released silver compared to many of the textiles containing nano-Ag. These results have important implications for the risk assessment of Ag-textiles and also for environmental fate studies of nano-Ag, because they show that under conditions relevant to washing, primarily coarse Ag-containing particles are released.