Non-native parasite enhances susceptibility of host to native predators
Non-native parasite enhances susceptibility of host to native predators
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DOI：
10.1007/s00442-016-3784-1
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发表时间：
2017-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Byers, James E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gehman, Alyssa-Lois M.;Byers, James E.
寄生虫经常改变宿主的生理和行为，这可能会增加受感染宿主的捕食风险。寄生猎物的消费量越高，寄生猎物的数量就越少(健康羊群假说)。Poxothylacus panopei是大西洋沿岸泥蟹Eurypanopeus depressus上的一种非本土的去势藤壶寄生虫。通过捕食者选择中膜实验和野外拴系实验，研究了食性蟹类Callinectes asapidus和其他捕食性天敌是否优先取食感染美洲斑潜蝇(L.panopei)的食蟹。在围隔实验中，我们发现智囊线虫优先摄取感染的凹凸棒杆菌3：1，而不是明显未感染的凹凸棒杆菌。同样，在田间拴系试验中，感染的凹凸棒虫的消耗量是未感染的同种异物的1.2比1。我们评估了这种偏斜的猎物选择背后的机制，特别是帕诺帕伊乳杆菌是否影响了凹陷棘球藻的移动，使受感染的猎物更容易受到捕食者的攻击。与我们的预期相反，在实验室试验中，受感染的E.depressus比未感染的E.depressus跑得更快，这表明快速移动可能不会降低捕食风险，相反，似乎会使猎物更容易受到攻击。最终，华支睾吸虫对感染了帕诺帕伊的猎物的优先消费突显了生物之间的相互作用如何影响新寄生虫能够在哪里茁壮成长。
Parasites often alter host physiology and behavior, which can enhance predation risk for infected hosts. Higher consumption of parasitized prey can in turn lead to a less parasitized prey population (the healthy herd hypothesis). Loxothylacus panopaei is a non-native castrating barnacle parasite on the mud crab Eurypanopeus depressus along the Atlantic coast. Through prey choice mesocosm experiments and a field tethering experiment, we investigated whether the predatory crab Callinectes sapidus and other predators preferentially feed on E. depressus infected with L. panopaei. We found that C. sapidus preferentially consumed infected E. depressus 3 to 1 over visibly uninfected E. depressus in the mesocosm experiments. Similarly, infected E. depressus were consumed 1.2 to 1 over uninfected conspecifics in field tethering trials. We evaluated a mechanism behind this skewed prey choice, specifically whether L. panopaei affects E. depressus movement, making infected prey more vulnerable to predator attack. Counter to our expectations, infected E. depressus ran faster during laboratory trials than uninfected E. depressus, suggesting that quick movement may not decrease predation risk and seems instead to make the prey more vulnerable. Ultimately, the preferential consumption of L. panopaei-infected prey by C. sapidus highlights how interactions between organisms could affect where novel parasites are able to thrive.