Synoptic-Scale Environments and Precipitation Morphologies of Tornado Outbreaks from Quasi-Linear Convective Systems in the United Kingdom
Synoptic-Scale Environments and Precipitation Morphologies of Tornado Outbreaks from Quasi-Linear Convective Systems in the United Kingdom
复制标题
英国准线性对流系统龙卷风爆发的天气尺度环境和降水形态
DOI:
10.1175/waf-d-20-0021.1
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Buckingham T
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Buckingham T
Nine tornado outbreaks (days with three or more tornadoes) have occurred in the United Kingdom from quasi-linear convective systems (QLCSs) in the 16 years between 2004 and 2019. Of the nine outbreaks, eight can be classified into two synoptic categories: type 1 and type 2. Synoptic categories are derived from the location of the parent extratropical cyclone and the orientation of the surface front associated with the QLCS. Environmental differences between the categories are assessed using ERA5 reanalysis data. Type 1 events are characterized by a confluent 500-hPa trough from the west, meridional cold front, strong cross-frontal wind veer (about 90°), cross-frontal temperature decrease of 2°–4°C, prefrontal 2-m dewpoint temperatures of 12°–14°C, a prefrontal low-level jet, and prefrontal 0–1- and 0–3-km bulk shears of 15 and 25 m s−1, respectively. In contrast, type 2 events are characterized by a diffluent 500-hPa trough from the northwest, zonal front, weaker cross-frontal wind veer (≤45°), much smaller cross-frontal temperature decrease, lower prefrontal 2-m dewpoint temperatures of 6°–10°C, and weaker prefrontal 0–1- and 0–3-km bulk shears of 10 and 15 m s−1, respectively. Analysis of the Met Office radar reflectivity mosaics revealed that narrow cold-frontal rainbands developed in all type 1 events and subsequently displayed precipitation core-and-gap structures. Conversely, type 2 events did not develop narrow cold-frontal rainbands, although precipitation cores developed sporadically within the wide cold-frontal rainband. Type 1 events produced tornadoes 2–4 h after core-and-gap development, whereas type 2 events produced tornadoes within 1 h of forming cores and gaps. All events produced tornadoes during a relatively short time period (1–3 h).
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DOI:
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发表时间:
2009
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
J. Mcdonald;K. Mehta;D. A. Smith;J. A. Womble
通讯作者:
J. A. Womble
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2013
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
M. Clark
通讯作者:
M. Clark
影响因子:
2.9
作者:
J. King;M. Parker;Keith D. Sherburn;G. Lackmann
通讯作者:
J. King;M. Parker;Keith D. Sherburn;G. Lackmann
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2011
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
M. Kitchen;A. Illingworth
通讯作者:
A. Illingworth
影响因子:
4.6
作者:
Gatzen C
通讯作者:
Gatzen C