Radiation-induced chromosome damage in astronauts' lymphocytes
Radiation-induced chromosome damage in astronauts' lymphocytes
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DOI：
10.1080/095530096144879
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发表时间：
1996-10-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Sabatier, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Testard, I;Ricoul, M;Sabatier, L
载人航天飞行次数的增加使得估计宇航员遇到的生物风险变得重要。由于它们暴露在宇宙射线中，特别是具有高线性能量转移(LET)的离子，因此有必要估计它们所受到的剂量。使用的最灵敏的生物剂量学是基于辐射对人类淋巴细胞的染色体损伤的量化。在Antares(1992)和Altair(1993)两次太空任务之后，我们对7名宇航员的血液样本进行了细胞遗传学分析，这些宇航员在太空中度过了2周到6个月。2周或3周后，X射线当量剂量低于20mGy细胞遗传学检测水平。6个月后，不同航天员的生物剂量差异很大，从95到455mGy当量剂量。这些剂量与物理剂量学估算的剂量范围相同(90mGy射线吸收剂量和180mSv当量剂量)。一些血细胞表现出与对照组中偶尔观察到的“流氓细胞”相同的细胞遗传学模式，但频率更高。这表明，流氓细胞可能是由宇宙起源的高LET粒子辐射造成的。然而，这些细胞对宇宙辐射的长期影响的责任仍然未知，必须进行调查。
The increased number of manned space missions has made it important to estimate the biological risks encountered by astronauts. As they are exposed to cosmic rays, especially ions with high linear energy transfer (LET), it is necessary to estimate the doses they receive. The most sensitive biological dosimetry used is based on the quantification of radiation-induced chromosome damage to human lymphocytes. After the space missions ANTARES (1992) and ALTAIR (1993), we performed cytogenetic analysis of blood samples from seven astronauts who had spent from 2 weeks to 6 months in space. After 2 or 3 weeks, the X-ray equivalent dose was found to be below the cytogenetic detection level of 20 mGy. After 6 months, the biological dose greatly varied among the astronauts, from 95 to 455 mGy equivalent dose. These doses are in the same range as those estimated by physical dosimetry (90 mGy absorbed dose and 180 mSv equivalent dose). Some blood cells exhibited the same cytogenetic pattern as the 'rogue cells' occasionally observed in controls, but with a higher frequency. The suggest that rogue cells might result from irradiation with high-LET particles of cosmic origin. However, the responsibility of such cells for the long-term effects of cosmic irradiation remains unknown and must be investigated.