Parasite dispersal risk tolerance is mediated by its reproductive value.
Parasite dispersal risk tolerance is mediated by its reproductive value.
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寄生虫传播风险承受能力是由其繁殖价值调节的。
DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.08.016
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Delaplane,KeithS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nolan4th,MaxcyP;Delaplane,KeithS
重点寄生虫传播涉及寄生虫-外在和寄生虫-内在驱动因素。我们研究了蜜蜂寄生虫--狄斯瓦螨的内在驱动因素。产后螨（低繁殖值）对风险扩散有更大的容忍度。如果回报足够大，风险扩散可能是适应性的。寄生虫扩散理论在很大程度上借鉴了流行病学SIR模型，其中宿主状态（易感的（S）、感染的（I）或恢复的（R））用于研究寄生虫扩散进化。相反，这些extrabolishhost为中心的驱动程序，在这项研究中，我们专注于一个内在的驱动程序，寄生虫的生殖价值（预测未来的后代）作为一个调节器的程度，个人将从事危险的扩散行为。作为一个模型系统，我们使用蜜蜂意大利蜜蜂及其体外寄生虫，螨瓦螨destructor。螨的繁殖只发生在蜜蜂育雏的细胞内，新出现的繁殖螨可能寄生在一个同源的育雏细胞（低风险扩散）或通过泳附着到成熟的觅食蜂（高风险扩散）迁移到一个新的蜂群。在一个经验性的生物测定，螨（高生殖价值）和产后螨（低生殖价值）提供了一个选择新出现的同群工蜂（低风险），同群花粉觅食蜂（高风险），或异群花粉觅食蜂（高风险）。对新出现的蜜蜂的偏好是更早，更强烈地持续在螨。这表明生殖价值较低的产后螨虫的传播风险承受能力相对较大。如果个体已经成功繁殖，并且成功扩散的回报足够大，那么危险的扩散可能是适应性的。
HighlightsParasite dispersal involves both parasite-extrinsic and parasite-intrinsic drivers.We examined an intrinsic driver in the honeybee parasite, the mite Varroa destructor.Postpartum mites (low reproductive value) had greater tolerance for risky dispersal.Risky dispersal may be adaptive if the rewards are sufficiently large.Parasite dispersal theory draws heavily upon epidemiological SIR models in which host status (susceptible (S), infected (I), or recovered (R)) is used to study parasite dispersal evolution. In contrast to these extrinsically host-centric drivers, in this study we focus on an intrinsic driver, the parasite's reproductive value (predicted future offspring) as a regulator of the extent to which the individual will engage in risky dispersal behaviour. As a model system we use the honeybee Apis mellifera and its ectoparasite, the mite Varroa destructor. Mite reproduction happens exclusively inside cells of bee brood, and newly emerged fecund mites may parasitize either a homocolonial brood cell (low risk dispersal) or emigrate to a new bee colony via phoretic attachment to mature forager bees (high risk dispersal). In an empirical bioassay, prepartum mites (high reproductive value) and postpartum mites (low reproductive value) were offered a choice of newly emerged homocolonial worker bees (low risk), homocolonial pollen forager bees (high risk), or heterocolonial pollen foragers (high risk). A preference for newly emerged bees was earlier and more strongly sustained among prepartum mites. This suggests comparatively greater dispersal risk tolerance among postpartum mites with lower reproductive value. A dangerous bid for dispersal may be adaptive if the individual has already successfully reproduced and the rewards for successful dispersal are sufficiently large.