MULTIPLE MATING, SPERM COMPETITION AND MEIOTIC DRIVE
MULTIPLE MATING, SPERM COMPETITION AND MEIOTIC DRIVE
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1420-9101.1995.8030265.x
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发表时间：
1995-05-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
BERGSTROM, CT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HAIG, D;BERGSTROM, CT
大多数关于“精子竞争”的讨论都忽略了单个男性射精过程中不同精子类型之间竞争的可能性。当射精的成员与其他男性产生的精子竞争时，射精内部的竞争可能会限制他们之间的合作。在精液中获得竞争优势的基因(分离扭曲者)可能会增加频率，即使它与生物体适应能力的显着成本有关。因此，选择将有利于男性表达的抑制射精内竞争的基因。这可能解释了为什么精子功能在很大程度上是由男性祖先的二倍体基因决定的，而不是由单个单倍体精子的基因决定的。与多个雄性交配的雌性会降低分离扭曲者的相对优势，只要这种扭曲者损害了发生分离扭曲者射精的竞争效果。如果扭曲与身体健康的成本相关，选择将有利于雌性交配行为，从而降低扭曲者的平衡频率。因此，精液中的竞争可能是雌性选择与多个雄性交配的原因之一。
Most discussions of 'sperm competition' have ignored the potential for competition among the different sperm genotypes present in the ejaculate of a single male. Rivalry within ejaculates may limit cooperation among the members of an ejaculate when they compete with sperm produced by other males. A gene that gains an advantage in competition within an ejaculate (a segregation distorter) may increase in frequency even if it is associated with significant costs to organismal fitness. Therefore, selection will favor genes expressed in males that suppress competition within ejaculates. This may explain why sperm function is largely controlled by the diploid genotype of the male progenitor, rather than by the genotypes of individual haploid sperm. Females who mate with multiple males reduce the relative advantage of a segregation distorter whenever the distorter impairs the competitive effectiveness of the ejaculates in which it occurs. If the distorter is associated with costs to organismal fitness, selection will favor female mating behavior that reduces the distorter's equilibrium frequency. Competition within ejaculates may thus be one reason why females choose to mate with multiple males.