Initial invasion of glyphosate-resistant Amaranthus palmeri around grain-import ports in Japan
Initial invasion of glyphosate-resistant Amaranthus palmeri around grain-import ports in Japan
复制标题
日本粮食进口港口周围抗草甘膦苋首次入侵
DOI：
10.1002/ppp3.10156
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
1.Shimono;A.;Kanbe H.;Nakamura S.;Ueno S.;Yamashita J.;& Asai;M.
社会影响声明外来物种的扩散与贸易和运输等人类活动密切相关。众所周知，贸易会将麻烦的杂草从粮食出口国传播到进口国。抗草甘膦（GR）苋是美国最严重的杂草之一，美国是日本最大的粮食出口国。我们证明了这一点。palmeri已经成为建立在日本港口在不到10年的时间从第一次报告的GRA。Palmerin美国在问题物种能够更广泛地传播之前，对外来物种的初步检测对于采取有效的控制措施至关重要。概要美国是日本转基因抗草甘膦（GR）作物的最大来源。在美国，草甘膦的大量使用导致了禾葵（Gramaranthus palmeri）的进化，这是美国最有问题的杂草之一。在这里，我们调查了GRA的最初入侵和建立。主要的草甘膦抗性机制是含有除草剂靶位点基因5-烯醇式莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶（EPSPS）的297-kb区域的拷贝数扩增。我们使用定量PCR来测量EPSPS基因组拷贝数，并使用PCR来确认另一个扩增区域的存在。我们利用微卫星标记分析比较了日本和美国种质的遗传相似性。palmeriat三个港口：虽然在三个港口中的两个作为临时工厂存在，但GR种群在所调查的港口之一建立。结果表明，该群体与美国种质的遗传相似，不存在地理遗传结构。从GRA的第一次报告开始，在不到10年的时间里，palmerihas在日本归化。Palmerin美国
Societal Impact StatementThe dispersal of alien species is tightly coupled to human activities such as trade and transport. Trade is known to spread troublesome weeds from countries exporting, to those importing, grain. Glyphosate resistant (GR)Amaranthus palmeriis one of the most problematic weeds in the US, which is the largest grain exporter to Japan. We demonstrate that GRA. palmerihas become established in a Japanese port in less than 10 years from the first report of GRA. palmeriin the US. The initial detection of alien species is critical to enable effective control measures to be undertaken, before problematic species are able to spread more widely.SummaryThe US is the largest source to Japan of crops genetically modified to be glyphosate resistant (GR). The intensive use of glyphosate in the US has led to the evolution of GRAmaranthus palmeri, one of the most problematic weeds in the US. Here, we investigated the initial invasion and establishment of GRA. palmeriat grain‐importing ports in Japan.The primary glyphosate resistance mechanism is a copy‐number amplification of the 297‐kb region containing the herbicide target site gene5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase(EPSPS). We used quantitative PCR to measure theEPSPSgenomic copy number and used PCR to confirm the presence of the other amplified region. We used microsatellite marker analysis to compare the genetic similarities between Japanese populations and US accessions.We detected GRA. palmeriat three ports: although present as a casual plant at two of the three ports, GR populations were established at one of the ports investigated. The port populations were found to be genetically similar to the US accessions and showed no geographical genetic structure.This study shows that GRA. palmerihas naturalized in Japan in less than 10 years from the first report of GRA. palmeriin the US.