The human microbiome and probiotics: implications for pediatrics.
The human microbiome and probiotics: implications for pediatrics.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cppeds.2008.09.001
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发表时间：
2008-11-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Versalovic, James
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hsieh, Michael H;Versalovic, James
“人类超级有机体”指的是人体和大量的微生物，它们生活在我们体内和皮肤表面。尽管大量的微生物共存于人体内，但包括婴儿和儿童在内的人类在这个微生物世界的背景下实现了被称为健康的生理平衡状态。这些关键概念表明，人类微生物组的许多个体成员，包括细菌和真菌物种，为人类宿主带来不同的益处。益生菌或有益微生物可以调节免疫反应，提供关键营养素，或抑制感染因子的增殖和毒力。人体微生物组实际上是动态的，并且经常在变化，这可能表明人体微生物，病原体和人类宿主之间的持续相互作用。在这篇文章中，我们审查了国家的最先进的关于益生菌的应用，以预防或治疗疾病的儿科胃肠道和泌尿生殖系统。此外，益生菌可以调节局部和全身免疫，从而降低过敏性疾病的严重程度以及婴儿和儿童对过敏和特应性疾病的易感性。总之，有益微生物为治疗微生物学的新策略提供了有希望的替代方案，并对儿科的不同亚专业产生了影响。与简单地试图用疫苗和抗生素对抗微生物不同，一个新的医学微生物学领域正在出现，它致力于将人类微生物组研究转化为新的益生菌策略，以促进儿童健康和预防疾病。
The “human super-organism” refers to the human body and the massive numbers of microbes which dwell within us and on the skin surface. Despite the large numbers of microbes co-existing within the human body, humans including infants and children achieve a physiologic state of equilibrium known as health in the context of this microbial world. These key concepts suggest that many individual members of the human microbiome, including bacterial and fungal species, confer different benefits on the human host. Probiotics, or beneficial microbes, may modulate immune responses, provide key nutrients, or suppress the proliferation and virulence of infectious agents. The human microbiome is in fact dynamic and often in flux, which may be indicative of the continuous interplay among commensal microbes, pathogens, and the human host. In this article we review the state-of-the-art regarding probiotics applications to prevent or treat diseases of the pediatric gastrointestinal and genitourinary systems. Additionally, probiotics may regulate local and systemic immunity, thereby reducing allergic disease severity and susceptibilities of infants and children to allergies and atopic diseases. In summary, beneficial microbes offer promising alternatives for new strategies in therapeutic microbiology with implications for different subspecialties within pediatrics. Instead of simply trying to counteract microbes with vaccines and antibiotics, a new field of medical microbiology is emerging that strives to translate human microbiome research into new probiotics strategies for promotion of health and prevention of disease in children.