Nonlinear waves in PT-symmetric systems
Nonlinear waves in PT-symmetric systems
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DOI：
10.1103/revmodphys.88.035002
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发表时间：
2016-07-18
影响因子：
44.1
通讯作者：
Zezyulin, Dmitry A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Konotop, Vladimir V.;Yang, Jianke;Zezyulin, Dmitry A.
本文全面回顾了宇称时间（PT）对称系统非线性特性的最新进展。 PT 对称性起源于非厄米量子力学，其中服从 PT 对称性的复势可以表现出全实光谱。这个概念后来扩展到光学、玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚态、电子电路和许多其他物理领域，其中增益和损耗的明智平衡构成了 PT 对称系统。这些 PT 系统中自然包含的非线性产生了一系列传统耗散系统中没有的新现象。例子包括非线性模式和运动积分的连续族的存在、PT对称相变之上的非线性模式的稳定性、非线性模式的对称破缺、独特的孤子动力学等等。在本文中，提出了来自各个物理学科的非线性PT对称系统，彻底阐明了这些系统的非线性特性，并描述了相关的实验结果。此外，还指出了 PT 对称性的新兴应用。
Recent progress on nonlinear properties of parity-time (PT)-symmetric systems is comprehensively reviewed in this article. PT symmetry started out in non-Hermitian quantum mechanics, where complex potentials obeying PT symmetry could exhibit all-real spectra. This concept later spread out to optics, Bose-Einstein condensates, electronic circuits, and many other physical fields, where a judicious balancing of gain and loss constitutes a PT-symmetric system. The natural inclusion of nonlinearity into these PT systems then gave rise to a wide array of new phenomena which have no counterparts in traditional dissipative systems. Examples include the existence of continuous families of nonlinear modes and integrals of motion, stabilization of nonlinear modes above PT-symmetry phase transition, symmetry breaking of nonlinear modes, distinctive soliton dynamics, and many others. In this article, nonlinear PT-symmetric systems arising from various physical disciplines are presented, nonlinear properties of these systems are thoroughly elucidated, and relevant experimental results are described. In addition, emerging applications of PT symmetry are pointed out.