Uninformative visual experience establishes long term perceptual bias.
Uninformative visual experience establishes long term perceptual bias.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.visres.2010.06.013
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发表时间：
2010-08-23
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Backus, B. T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harrison, S. J.;Backus, B. T.
视觉外观取决于当2D视网膜图像被解释为3D场景时产生的歧义的分辨率。这种解决可以被描述为贝叶斯感知推理的一种形式，即视网膜感觉数据与先验信念相结合以产生解释。在这个框架下，先验反映了环境统计，所以一个有效的系统应该在接触新的统计数据后通过改变先验来学习。我们推测，只有当感知数据包含消歧信息时，先验才会被修改，这样就可以清楚地知道什么偏差是合适的。通过使用感知双稳态刺激，旋转的线框立方体，作为3D旋转方向变化的敏感指标，并通过仔细匹配三组观察者对模糊和非模糊版本刺激的感知经验，对这一猜想进行了测试。我们首次表明，先验的变化——观察到的偏差的变化抵制第二天的反向学习——更多地受到模糊刺激而不是消除模糊刺激的影响。因此，与我们的猜想相反，当观察者主动解决歧义时，先验的修改优先发生，而不是当观察者暴露于环境偶然事件时。我们提出，解决现有视觉规则不容易解释的刺激必须是在自然世界中建立有用的感知偏差的有效方法。
Visual appearance depends upon the resolution of ambiguities that arise when 2D retinal images are interpreted as 3D scenes. This resolution may be characterized as a form of Bayesian perceptual inference, whereby retinal sense data combine with prior belief to yield an interpretation. Under this framework, the prior reflects environmental statistics, so an efficient system should learn by changing its prior after exposure to new statistics. We conjectured that a prior would only be modified when sense data contain disambiguating information, such that it is clear what bias is appropriate. This conjecture was tested by using a perceptually bistable stimulus, a rotating wire-frame cube, as a sensitive indicator of changes in the prior for 3D rotation direction, and by carefully matching perceptual experience of ambiguous and unambiguous versions of the stimulus across three groups of observers. We show for the first time that changes in the prior—observed as a change in bias that resists reverse learning the next day—is affected more by ambiguous stimuli than by disambiguated stimuli. Thus, contrary to our conjecture, modification of the prior occurred preferentially when the observer actively resolved ambiguity rather than when the observer was exposed to environmental contingencies. We propose that resolving stimuli that are not easily interpreted by existing visual rules must be a valid method for establishing useful perceptual biases in the natural world.
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