QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE DIFFERENCES IN THE OPERANT RUNWAY BEHAVIOR OF RATS WORKING FOR COCAINE AND HEROIN REINFORCEMENT
QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE DIFFERENCES IN THE OPERANT RUNWAY BEHAVIOR OF RATS WORKING FOR COCAINE AND HEROIN REINFORCEMENT
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DOI：
10.1016/0091-3057(93)90298-8
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发表时间：
1993-01-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
GEIST, TD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
ETTENBERG, A;GEIST, TD
训练动物穿过一条由5次静脉注射0.75 mg/kg/次可卡因(n=6)或0.06 mg/kg/次海洛因(n=6)组成的直线巷子进行药物强化。测试包括每天一次的试验，在此期间，记录每只动物离开起始箱的潜伏期和穿过巷子所需的时间。此外，从沿巷子长度放置的12对红外光电探测器/发射器输入的信息，在每次试验过程中以0.1-S的间隔提供了动物的准确位置信息。这些信息被计算机记录下来，并为以时空记录的形式构建每个试验的图形表示提供了基础，这些记录揭示了受试者到达目标箱的准确路线。这项实验揭示了海洛因和可卡因动物在T台上的行为有很大差异。虽然海洛因组表现出典型的操作表现模式，在实验过程中开始潜伏期和目标时间都逐渐减少，但可卡因动物离开起始箱的速度确实比海洛因受试者慢，并在试验中表现出目标时间的逐渐增加。后一种效应似乎是在所有六名可卡因受试者中都观察到的“停止和撤退”行为的结果，而且随着实验的进行，这种行为的频率增加了。因为这里展示的跑道行为是在运送药物增强剂之前发出的，所以他们表明，海洛因和可卡因强化的动物在寻找毒品行为背后的动机状态是本质上不同的。
Animals were trained to traverse a straight alley for drug reinforcement consisting of five IV injections of either 0.75 mg/kg/injection cocaine (n = 6) or 0.06 mg/kg/injection heroin (n = 6). Testing involved single daily trials during which the latency to leave the start box and the time required to traverse the alley were recorded for each animal. In addition, input from 12 pairs of infrared photocell detector/emittors placed along the length of the alley provided information on the precise location of the animal at 0.1-s intervals throughout the course of each trial. This information was recorded by computer and provided the basis for construction of graphic representations of each trial in the form of spatiotemporal records that revealed the precise route the subject took in getting to the goal box. The experiment revealed substantial differences in the runway behavior of heroin and cocaine animals. While the heroin group exhibited typical patterns of operant performance in that both start latency and goal times decreased gradually over the course of the experiment, cocaine animals were reliably slower than heroin subjects to leave the start box and exhibited a progressive increase in goal times over trials. The latter effect appeared to be a consequence of a ''stop and retreat'' behavior that was observed in all six cocaine subjects and increased in frequency as the experiment progressed. Because the runway behaviors exhibited here were emitted prior to delivery of the drug reinforcer, they suggest that the motivational state underlying drug-seeking behavior is qualitatively different for heroin- and cocaine-reinforced animals.