Formulation of thermodynamics for the glassy state : Configurational energy as a modest source of energy
Formulation of thermodynamics for the glassy state : Configurational energy as a modest source of energy
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玻璃态热力学公式：构型能作为适度的能源
DOI：
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Nieuwenhuizen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Nieuwenhuizen
玻璃是一种过冷液体，会非常缓慢地松弛到平衡结晶状态。它的能量平衡尚不清楚，因为人们普遍认为玻璃态不能用热力学来描述。然而，当慢模的有效或虚构温度被视为附加系统参数时，涉及埃伦费斯特关系和普里高金-德法比的经典悖论可以得到解释。理清了正确的图景后，从热力学的角度重新考虑玻璃是很有趣的。保持在固定温度和体积的玻璃碎片会向较低能量方向松弛。热量被释放，导致明显违反所有基本热力学定律。最有趣的应用是使用玻璃态或非晶态系统作为能源，通过在熔化和结晶过程中提取构型能。
Glass is an under-cooled liquid that very slowly relaxes towards the equilibrium crystalline state. Its energy balance is ill understood, since it is widely believed that the glassy state cannot be described thermodynamically. However, the classical paradoxes involving the Ehrenfest relations and Prigogine–Defay ratio can be explained when the effective or fictive temperature of the slow modes is taken as an additional system parameter. Having straightened out the proper picture, it is interesting to reconsider glass from a thermodynamic viewpoint. A shard of glass, kept at fixed temperature and volume, relaxes towards lower energy. Heat is released, inducing apparent violations of all basic thermodynamic laws. The most interesting application is to use glassy or amorphous systems as a source of energy, by extracting the configurational energy in a process of melting followed by crystallization.