Cost–Benefit Analysis of Onsite Residential Graywater Recycling: A Case Study on the City of Los Angeles
Cost–Benefit Analysis of Onsite Residential Graywater Recycling: A Case Study on the City of Los Angeles
复制标题
现场住宅灰水回收的成本效益分析：以洛杉矶市为例
DOI：
10.5942/jawwa.2015.107.0124
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Y. Cohen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zita L.T. Yu;J. Deshazo;M. Stenstrom;Y. Cohen
对单户和多户住宅的现场中水回收进行了成本效益分析，以评估加州洛杉矶地区中水回收的优点。在单户和多户家庭中，中水回收分别减少了27%和38%的饮用水需求。据估计，可用的中水相当于该市用水需求的25%。在10%的参与水平下，洛杉矶将能够减少4.3万兆瓦时/年的供水和与处理相关的能源，饮用水需求减少2%，废水处理负荷减少3%。修改当地建筑法规，要求新的建筑包括管道，以分流中水重复使用，可以降低翻新成本。金融工具(例如，回扣计划、第三方所有权模式)可以降低中水回收的成本障碍。可以开发一个全市范围的中水回用计划，通过监测注册承包商的系统操作和维护来满足监管要求。
A cost–benefit analysis of onsite graywater recycling in single‐family and multifamily homes was conducted to evaluate the merits of graywater recycling in the Los Angeles, Calif., area. Graywater recycling reduces potable water demand by 27 and 38% in single‐family and multifamily homes, respectively. The estimated available graywater is equivalent to 25% of the city's water demand. At a participation level of 10%, Los Angeles will be able to reduce water supply and treatment‐related energy by 43,000 MWh/y, potable water demand by 2%, and wastewater treatment load by 3%. Amending local building codes to require new construction to include plumbing to divert graywater for reuse can lower retrofit costs. Financial tools (e.g., a rebate program, a third‐party ownership model) could lower cost hurdles for graywater recycling. A city‐wide graywater reuse program could be developed to satisfy regulatory requirements by monitoring system operations and maintenance by certified contractors.