How different effectors and action effects modulate the formation of separate motor memories
How different effectors and action effects modulate the formation of separate motor memories
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-019-53543-1
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发表时间：
2019-11-19
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Hegele, Mathias
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schween, Raphael;Langsdorf, Lisa;Hegele, Mathias
人类可以操作各种现代工具，这些工具通常与不同的视觉运动转换相关联。对这一能力的研究表明，当不同的感觉-运动转换与不同的(预期的)姿势相关联时，或当目标策略利用抽象的背景线索时，可以内隐地获得单独的运动记忆。目前仍不清楚，当姿势相似时，不同的变化是如何被隐含记住的。我们调查了计划操纵视觉工具的特征，例如它的视觉身份或使用它所想要的环境效应(即动作效应)是否能够内隐学习相反的视觉运动旋转。结果表明，两种情境线索都不会导致不同的内隐运动记忆，但线索只能通过对外显策略的概括间接影响内隐适应。相比之下，在一项对照实验中，参与者用不同的手练习相反的转换，确实导致了不同泛化目标的手之间的背景后效不同。似乎不同的(预期的)身体状态对于单独的后效的出现是必要的，这表明基于感觉预测误差的适应的作用可能仅限于对身体模型的重新校准，而建立单独的工具模型可能会沿着不同的路线进行。
Humans can operate a variety of modern tools, which are often associated with different visuomotor transformations. Studies investigating this ability have shown that separate motor memories can be acquired implicitly when different sensorimotor transformations are associated with distinct (intended) postures or explicitly when abstract contextual cues are leveraged by aiming strategies. It still remains unclear how different transformations are remembered implicitly when postures are similar. We investigated whether features of planning to manipulate a visual tool, such as its visual identity or the environmental effect intended by its use (i.e. action effect) would enable implicit learning of opposing visuomotor rotations. Results show that neither contextual cue led to distinct implicit motor memories, but that cues only affected implicit adaptation indirectly through generalization around explicit strategies. In contrast, a control experiment where participants practiced opposing transformations with different hands did result in contextualized aftereffects differing between hands across generalization targets. It appears that different (intended) body states are necessary for separate aftereffects to emerge, suggesting that the role of sensory prediction error-based adaptation may be limited to the recalibration of a body model, whereas establishing separate tool models may proceed along a different route.