Convergence of undulatory swimming kinematics across a diversity of fishes
Convergence of undulatory swimming kinematics across a diversity of fishes
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2113206118
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发表时间：
2021-12-07
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Lauder, George, V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Di Santo, Valentina;Goerig, Elsa;Lauder, George, V
鱼类的运动行为表现出惊人的多样性，从经典的用身体和鳍游泳到跳跃、飞行、行走和挖掘。传统上，根据推进体波的长度和头：尾振荡幅度的比例，将在波动游泳过程中使用身体和尾鳍（BCF）的鱼类分为几种模式：鳗形，亚Carangiform，Carangiform和Thunniform。这种分类首先是根据关键的形态特征提出的，如身体的刚度和伸长，根据它们预期的游泳力学对鱼类进行分组。在这里，我们提出了一个比较研究的44个不同的物种量化的运动学和形态学的BCF游泳鱼。我们的研究结果表明，我们研究的大多数物种在稳定的运动过程中，可以使用二阶多项式建模共享相似的振荡幅度。推进体波的长度被归类为anguilliform的物种和较长的那些被归类为thunniform的，虽然存在很大的差异内和物种之间。此外，有没有减少头：尾振幅从鳗形到thunniform模式的运动，我们从传统的分类预期。虽然预期的游泳模式与形态特征相关，但它们并不能准确地代表BCF运动的运动学。这些结果表明，即使是鱼类的形态差异，金枪鱼和鳗鱼表现出统计学上相似的二维中线运动学和指向统一的机车水动力机制，可以作为理解水生运动和控制仿生水生机器人的基础。
Fishes exhibit an astounding diversity of locomotor behaviors from classic swimming with their body and fins to jumping, flying, walking, and burrowing. Fishes that use their body and caudal fin (BCF) during undulatory swimming have been traditionally divided into modes based on the length of the propulsive body wave and the ratio of head:tail oscillation amplitude: anguilliform, subcarangiform, carangiform, and thunniform. This classification was first proposed based on key morphological traits, such as body stiffness and elongation, to group fishes based on their expected swimming mechanics. Here, we present a comparative study of 44 diverse species quantifying the kinematics and morphology of BCF-swimming fishes. Our results reveal that most species we studied share similar oscillation amplitude during steady locomotion that can be modeled using a second-degree order polynomial. The length of the propulsive body wave was shorter for species classified as anguilliform and longer for those classified as thunniform, although substantial variability existed both within and among species. Moreover, there was no decrease in head:tail amplitude from the anguilliform to thunniform mode of locomotion as we expected from the traditional classification. While the expected swimming modes correlated with morphological traits, they did not accurately represent the kinematics of BCF locomotion. These results indicate that even fish species differing as substantially in morphology as tuna and eel exhibit statistically similar twodimensional midline kinematics and point toward unifying loco motor hydrodynamic mechanisms that can serve as the basis for understanding aquatic locomotion and controlling biomimetic aquatic robots.