Memory and Political Change: Introduction
Memory and Political Change: Introduction
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记忆与政治变革：简介
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发表时间：
2012
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
L. Shortt
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作者：
Aleida Assmann;L. Shortt
在过去25年里，我们目睹了维持残酷独裁统治和滋生血腥种族灭绝的国家如何选择结束压迫、暴力或剥削，以便在胜利者和失败者、肇事者和受害者之间建立一种新的关系，走向一个一体化的社会。人权规范的跨国推进和一个警惕的全球社会的出现为这种变化提供了更大的框架条件。新的信条是，以不公正和暴力著称的国家可能会转型，或者更确切地说，它们可能会从专制政权过渡到民主政体。当代政治格局正在不断发生决定性的变化，这些变化是由一整套新的工具和机构推动、煽动和加强的，这些工具和机构被用来克服极权主义和暴力的过去。这些变化得到了非政府组织、真相委员会和国际刑事法院所执行的新的寻求正义的支持。从档案资料或受害者的口供中发现的关于过去政治罪行的历史真相，今天被认为具有巨大的道德和变革力量。记忆已经成为我们关于过渡的讨论的中心问题，因为这个事实与受害者的记忆直接相关，它是一种新的共同叙述过去的媒介，它整合了以前分裂的观点。在这些情况下，正如Andreas Huyssen所强调的那样，记忆在过去的暴行和和平的未来之间建立了新的强有力的联系：
Over the last 25 years we have been able to witness how countries that maintained brutal dictatorships and bred bloody genocides chose to set an end to oppression, violence or exploitation in order to build up a new relationship between victors and losers, perpetrators and victims, on the way towards an integrated society. The transnational advance of the norm of human rights and the emergence of a watchful global community have provided the larger framing condition for such changes. The new credo is that countries noted for injustice and violence may be transformed, or rather that they may transition from autocratic regimes to democracies. The contemporary political landscape is continuously undergoing decisive changes which are propelled, instigated and reinforced by a whole new set of instruments and institutions that are employed to overcome totalitarian and violent pasts. These changes have been bolstered by a new search for justice, which has been implemented by non-governmental organizations (NGOs), truth commissions and the International Criminal Court. The historical truth about the political crimes of the past — uncovered from archival sources or oral testimonies of victims — is today considered to have great ethical and transformative power. Memory has become a central issue in our discussions about transition, as this truth is directly related to the memory of the victims, and it is the medium of a new shared narrative of the past that integrates formerly divided perspectives. In these cases, as Andreas Huyssen has emphasized, memory forges a new powerful link between past atrocities and a peaceful future:
As particular nations struggle to create democratic polities in the wake of histories of mass exterminations, apartheids, military dictatorships, and totalitarianism, they are faced, as Germany has been and still is since World War II, with the unprecedented task of securing the legitimacy and future of their emergent polity by finding ways to commemorate and adjucate past wrongs.1