FOXL2, GATA4, and SMAD3 co-operatively modulate gene expression, cell viability and apoptosis in ovarian granulosa cell tumor cells.

FOXL2, GATA4, and SMAD3 co-operatively modulate gene expression, cell viability and apoptosis in ovarian granulosa cell tumor cells.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0085545
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发表时间:
2014
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Heikinheimo M
Heikinheimo M
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Anttonen M;Pihlajoki M;Andersson N;Georges A;L'hôte D;Vattulainen S;Färkkilä A;Unkila-Kallio L;Veitia RA;Heikinheimo M

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卵巢颗粒细胞异常增殖和凋亡可能导致颗粒细胞瘤(GCT),其发病机制涉及转录因子GATA4、FOXL2和SMAD3。 FOXL2 基因在绝大多数 GCT 中都存在点突变 (C134W)。 GATA4 在 GCT 中大量表达,其表达与不良预后相关。 TGF-β 介质 SMAD3 通过 NF-κB 激活促进 GCT 细胞存活,并与 FOXL2 相互作用。在这里,我们发现这些因子的表达模式在正常人卵巢和 90 个 GCT 中重叠,并且彼此之间以及与它们的共同靶基因 CCND2 呈正相关,CCND2 是颗粒细胞增殖的关键因子。我们利用免疫共沉淀、启动子反式激活和人 GCT 细胞活力测定,探索了 FOXL2、GATA4 和 SMAD3 的分子相互作用及其在 CCND2 调节中的作用。我们发现不仅 SMAD3,GATA4 也与野生型和 C134W 突变的 FOXL2 发生物理相互作用。 GATA4 和 SMAD3 协同诱导 CCND2 启动子反式激活增加 8 倍,而两种 FOXL2 类型均减少 50%。我们证实野生型 FOXL2 显着降低细胞活力。有趣的是,GATA4和SMAD3导致野生型FOXL2诱导的GCT细胞凋亡显着减少。因此,GATA4 和 SMAD3 对细胞活力和细胞凋亡的影响与野生型 FOXL2 不同。由于致癌 FOXL2 突变而扰乱这种平衡可能会导致 GCT 发病机制。
Aberrant ovarian granulosa cell proliferation and apoptosis may lead to granulosa cell tumors (GCT), the pathogenesis of which involves transcription factors GATA4, FOXL2, and SMAD3. FOXL2 gene harbors a point mutation (C134W) in a vast majority of GCTs. GATA4 is abundantly expressed in GCTs and its expression correlates with poor prognosis. The TGF-β mediator SMAD3 promotes GCT cell survival through NF-κB activation, and interacts with FOXL2. Here, we find that the expression patterns of these factors overlap in the normal human ovary and 90 GCTs, and positively correlate with each other and with their mutual target gene CCND2, which is a key factor for granulosa cell proliferation. We have explored the molecular interactions of FOXL2, GATA4, and SMAD3 and their roles in the regulation of CCND2 using co-immunoprecipitation, promoter transactivation, and cell viability assays in human GCT cells. We found that not only SMAD3, but also GATA4 physically interact with both wild type and C134W-mutated FOXL2. GATA4 and SMAD3 synergistically induce a 8-fold increase in CCND2 promoter transactivation, which is 50% reduced by both FOXL2 types. We confirmed that wild type FOXL2 significantly decreases cell viability. Interestingly, GATA4 and SMAD3 caused a marked reduction of GCT cell apoptosis induced by wild type FOXL2. Thus, the effects of GATA4 and SMAD3 on both cell viability and apoptosis are distinct from those of wild type FOXL2; a perturbation of this balance due to the oncogenic FOXL2 mutation is likely to contribute to GCT pathogenesis.
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