Occupational Therapy Practice Guidelines for Older Adults With Low Vision
Occupational Therapy Practice Guidelines for Older Adults With Low Vision
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DOI：
10.5014/ajot.2020.742003
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发表时间：
2020-03-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Smallfield, Stacy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kaldenberg, Jennifer;Smallfield, Stacy
重要性：人口老龄化正在产生对职业治疗从业者的需求，以应对视力低下者的职业表现。目的：本实践指南基于对老年人低视力干预措施的系统综述，旨在为职业治疗从业者提供最佳实践指导，改善护理质量，提高消费者满意度，并向外部利益相关者证明职业治疗服务的合理性。本指南中纳入的干预措施涉及日常生活活动(ADLS)和工具性日常生活活动(IADLS)、阅读、休闲和社会参与的绩效。方法：我们对三项系统评价的结果进行了审查、综合，并将其整合为实践、教育和研究建议。结果：纳入系统评价的文章38篇，作为临床建议的基础。一个案例研究描述了这些建议在临床实践中的翻译和应用。结论和建议：强有力的证据支持作业疗法在老年人低视力中的作用。在证据的基础上，我们建议对ADL和IADL障碍进行常规的低视力康复，使用多成分干预来改善ADL和IADL的表现以及休闲和社交参与，基于站立的电子放大来提高阅读能力，以及视觉技能训练来提高中央视野障碍患者的阅读能力。我们建议使用以客户为中心的问题解决培训，以提高ADL和IADL的表现、阅读、休闲和社交参与。可以考虑在个案的基础上使用主流技术来提高阅读成绩。最后，调整后的探戈可以考虑在个案的基础上使用，以提高ADL和IADL表现以及休闲和社交参与。本文补充：本实践指南总结了当前支持对视力低下的老年人进行职业治疗干预的证据。它总结了支持使用主流技术的新兴文献，并为使用多成分干预策略提供了额外的支持。
Importance: The aging of the population is generating increased demand for occupational therapy practitioners to address the occupational performance of those experiencing low vision.Objective: This Practice Guideline, which is informed by systematic reviews on interventions for older adults with low vision, is meant to serve as a reference for occupational therapy practitioners to guide best practice in service delivery, improve quality of care, enhance consumer satisfaction, and justify occupational therapy services to external stakeholders. Interventions included in this guideline address performance of activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), reading, and leisure and social participation.Method: We examined, synthesized, and integrated the results of three systematic reviews into recommendations for practice, education, and research.Results: Thirty-eight articles were included in the systematic reviews, which served as the basis for clinical recommendations. A case study describes translation and application of the recommendations to clinical practice.Conclusions and Recommendations: Strong evidence supports the role of occupational therapy for older adults with low vision. On the basis of the evidence, we recommend routine use of low vision rehabilitation for ADL and IADL impairments, multicomponent interventions to improve ADL and IADL performance and leisure and social participation, stand-based electronic magnification to enhance reading, and visual skills training to enhance reading for clients with a central field impairment. We recommend using client-centered problem-solving training to enhance ADL and IADL performance, reading, and leisure and social participation. Mainstream technology may be considered for use on a case-by-case basis to enhance reading performance. Finally, adapted tango may be considered for use on a case-by-case basis to enhance ADL and IADL performance and leisure and social participation.What This Article Adds: This Practice Guideline provides a summary of the current evidence supporting occupational therapy intervention for older adults with low vision. It summarizes the emerging literature supporting the use of mainstream technology and provides additional support for the use of multicomponent intervention strategies.