Evaluation of Networks of Plans and Vulnerability to Hazards and Climate Change: A Resilience Scorecard
Evaluation of Networks of Plans and Vulnerability to Hazards and Climate Change: A Resilience Scorecard
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计划网络以及灾害和气候变化脆弱性评估：复原力记分卡
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Salvesen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Berke;Galen D. Newman;Jaekyung Lee;Tabitha S. Combs;Carl Kolosna;D. Salvesen
问题、研究策略和发现：土地利用规划是减轻自然灾害和气候变化影响的关键。社区采用多种计划，直接和间接地解决减灾问题;地方计划的整合可以大大影响社区未来对灾害的脆弱性。我们开发了一个弹性记分卡，以评估在何种程度上的地方计划网络的目标最容易发生灾害的地区，然后评估当地计划的协调和测试在华盛顿（NC），一个社区容易受到沿海洪水和预计海平面上升。我们发现，地方计划并不完全一致，并不总是针对社区中最易受洪水或海平面风险影响的地区;此外，有些计划实际上增加了自然和社会对灾害的脆弱性。虽然这些结果表明了弹性记分卡的有效性，但我们被迫使用范围很窄的脆弱性指标;更好的数据将改善这一过程。练习要点：通过使用记分卡来确定地方计划之间的冲突，评估地方计划是否针对最容易受到特定危害的地区，plenum可以在改进灾害规划方面发挥关键作用。规划署可以向公众和决策者通报错过的改善当地减灾规划的机会。为了支持这些重要的努力，美国联邦应急管理局和其他联邦机构应该考虑开发更多的数据库，这些数据库可以广泛应用和使用。
Problem, research strategy, and findings: Land use planning is key to mitigating natural hazards and the effects of climate change. Communities adopt multiple plans that directly and indirectly address hazard mitigation; the integration of local plans can significantly affect future community vulnerability to hazards. We develop a resilience scorecard to assess the degree to which the network of local plans targets areas most prone to hazards and then evaluate the coordination of local plans and test it in Washington (NC), a community vulnerable to coastal floods and projected sea-level rise. We find that local plans are not fully consistent and do not always address the areas in a community most vulnerable to floods or sea level risks; moreover, some plans actually increase physical and social vulnerability to hazards. While these results indicate the validity of a resiliency scorecard, we were forced to use a narrow range of vulnerability indicators; better data would improve the process. Takeaway for practice: Planners can assume a crucial role in improving planning for hazards by using the scorecard to identify conflicts among local plans, assessing whether local plans target areas most vulnerable to specific hazards. Planners can inform the public and decision makers about missed opportunities to improve local hazard mitigation planning. To support such important efforts, the U.S. Federal -Emergency Management Agency and other federal agencies should consider developing additional databases that are widely applicable and available.