DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN AMYGDALA DURING EARLY EMBRYONIC LIFE
DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN AMYGDALA DURING EARLY EMBRYONIC LIFE
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DOI：
10.1002/cne.901320108
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发表时间：
1968-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
HUMPHREY, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
HUMPHREY, T
人类杏仁核复合体的发育是从它第一次出现的时候开始描述的，当时大脑半球开始外翻（大约8-9 mm）。使用27.4 mm CR [冠臀]长度的Nissl和Protargol银系列胎仔，横切面和矢状面。代表纹状体复合体的最早细胞迁移来自室间孔区域的生殖上皮，位于原始海马结构的侧面。这是杏仁核的特征性位置，因此，杏仁核是胚胎学上出现的人类纹状体复合体的第一部分。所有的杏仁核都是由生殖上皮的成神经细胞迁移而形成的。杏仁复合体的3个主要亚部（杏仁前区、皮质核复合体和基底外侧核群）在原始杏仁核出现后（在所研究的材料中为9.5 mm）几乎立即可被识别。在这个胚胎中，皮质和内侧核是可识别的，但中央核直到22.2毫米才被发现，即使在最老的胎儿中，外侧嗅束的核也没有被发现。基底外侧复合体的分化比皮质复合体晚得多，所有的核成分在同一时间变得可识别（20.7 mm胚胎）。然而，基底核的表现最好，副基底核的大小次之，而侧基底核刚刚出现，对于年龄最大的胎儿，成人脑中所见的基底核和副基底核的细分是可识别的。即使在单个核团出现之前，基底外侧复合体也比皮质核复合体大得多。在最大的胎儿中，杏仁复合体还没有开始从外侧向内侧旋转，但是侧脑室的后端已经开始向前旋转。在早期发展过程中，杏仁核的所有细胞都来自外侧纹状体脊，只有一个存在，直到14.0毫米。在20.7毫米，后来的成神经细胞也从内侧纹状体脊。虽然杏仁基底外侧复合体的大部分来自外侧脊，但也有一些细胞来自内侧脊，特别是副基底核。相比之下，皮质喜剧复合体在出现后部分来自内侧纹状体脊，尽管早期发育来自外侧脊。比较了不同发育阶段的杏仁核与鱼类、两栖动物、爬行动物和低等哺乳动物的杏仁核。杏仁核和海马结构，梨状皮质和尾状核，壳核和苍白球之间的地形关系被认为是。
The development of the human amygdaloid complex is described beginning at the time that it first appears, when the cerebral hemispheres begin to evaginate (approximately 8-9 mm). A fetus of 27.4 mm CR [crown rump] length of both Nissl and protargol silver series, transversely and sagittally sectioned was used. The earliest cell migration representing the striatal complex is from the germinal epithelium in the region of the interventricular foramen, lateral to the primordial hippocampal formation. This is the characteristic topographic location of the amygdala, which, therefore, is the first portion of the human striatal complex to appear embryologically. All of the amygdaloid nuclei identified develop by the migration of neuroblasts from the germinal epithelium. The 3 main subdivisions of the amygdaloid complex (anterior amygdaloid area, corticomedial complex and basolateral nuclear group) are identifiable almost immediately after the primordial amygdala appears (9.5 mm in the material studied). In this embryo the cortical and medial nuclei are identifiable, but the central nucleus was not seen until 22.2 mm and the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract was not identified even in the oldest fetuses. The basolateral complex differentiates much later than the corticomedial complex and all of the nuclear components became identifiable at the same time (20.7 mm embryo). However the basal nucleus is best represented, the accessory basal next in size, and the lateral only just appearing, fa the oldest fetus the subdivisions of the basal and accessory basal nuclei seen in the adult brain are recognizable. Even before the individual nuclei appear, the basolateral complex is much larger than the corticomedial complex. The lateral to medial rotation of the amygdaloid complex has not yet begun in the oldest fetuses, but the posterior end of the lateral ventricle is beginning to turn anteriorly. During early development, all cells of the amygdala are derived from the lateral striatal ridge, the only one present until 14.0 mm. At 20.7 mm and later neuroblasts are contributed from the medial striatal ridge also. Although the greater part of the basolateral amygdaloid complex is derived from the lateral ridge, some cells are contributed from the medial ridge, particularly to the accessory basal nucleus. By contrast, the corticomedial complex is derived in part from the medial striatal ridge, after it appears, even though the early development is from the lateral ridge. Comparisons between the amygdala at different developmental stages and the amygdala in fishes, in amphibians, in reptiles and in lower mammals are made. The topographic relationships between the amygdala and the hippocampal formation, the piriform cortex and the caudate, the putamen and the globus pallidus are considered.