Should obese patients be counselled to follow a low-glycaemic index diet? Yes.
Should obese patients be counselled to follow a low-glycaemic index diet? Yes.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1046/j.1467-789x.2002.00079.x
复制
发表时间：
2002-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ludwig, D S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pawlak, D B;Ebbeling, C B;Ludwig, D S
减少膳食脂肪被广泛提倡用于预防和治疗肥胖症及相关并发症。然而，近年来，低脂饮食的有效性受到了质疑。减少膳食脂肪的一个潜在不利影响是补偿增加高血糖指数(GI)碳水化合物的消费，主要是精制淀粉食品和浓缩糖。这类食物可以被迅速消化或转化为葡萄糖，导致餐后血糖和胰岛素大幅增加。短期喂养研究通常发现胃肠道指数和饱腹感之间存在负相关。中期临床试验发现，与低GI或低血糖负荷饮食相比，高GI或高血糖负荷饮食的体重减轻更少。流行病学分析表明，胃肠道感染与多种心血管疾病危险因素以及心血管疾病和2型糖尿病的发生有关。针对人体和动物模型的生理学研究支持了胃肠道在疾病预防和治疗中的作用。这篇综述考察了低GI饮食潜在益处的潜在机制，以及这种饮食是否应该在临床环境中推荐。
A reduction in dietary fat has been widely advocated for the prevention and treatment of obesity and related complications. However, the efficacy of low-fat diets has been questioned in recent years. One potential adverse effect of reduced dietary fat is a compensatory increase in the consumption of high glycaemic index (GI) carbohydrate, principally refined starchy foods and concentrated sugar. Such foods can be rapidly digested or transformed into glucose, causing a large increase in post-prandial blood glucose and insulin. Short-term feeding studies have generally found an inverse association between GI and satiety. Medium-term clinical trials have found less weight loss on high GI or high glycaemic load diets compared to low GI or low glycaemic load diets. Epidemiological analyses link GI to multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors and to the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Physiologically orientated studies in humans and animal models provide support for a role of GI in disease prevention and treatment. This review examines the mechanisms underlying the potential benefits of a low GI diet, and whether such diets should be recommended in the clinical setting.