A three-dimensional biomechanical analysis of the squat during varying stance widths
A three-dimensional biomechanical analysis of the squat during varying stance widths
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DOI：
10.1097/00005768-200106000-00019
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发表时间：
2001-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Andrews, JR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Escamilla, RF;Fleisig, GS;Andrews, JR
目的：本研究的目的是利用二维(2-D)和三维(3-D)分析来量化不同站姿宽度的下蹲时的生物力学参数。方法：两台60赫兹摄像机记录了39名举重运动员在全国举重锦标赛中的表现。以肩宽(Sw)归一化站位宽度，定义3组站姿：1)窄位下蹲(NS)，107%+/-10%；2)中位下蹲(MS)，142+/-12%；3)宽位下蹲(WS)，169%+/-12%。结果：三种站姿组之间以及2-D和3-D分析之间的大部分生物力学差异出现在NS和WS之间。与45度和90度膝关节屈曲角度(KF)的NS组相比，MS组和WS组的髋关节屈曲角度增加6-11度，大腿水平角度增加7-12度。与90度和最大KF时的NS相比，WS时小腿的垂直度增加了5-9度，足外翻的角度增加了6度。躯干位置无显著差异。与三维分析相比，2-D分析中的臀部和大腿角度减少了3-13度。NS组产生踝底屈肌(10-51 N.M)、膝关节伸肌(359-573 N.M)和髋伸肌(275-577 N.M)净肌矩，而MS和WS组产生踝背屈肌(34-284 N.M)、膝关节伸肌(447-756 N.M)和髋伸肌(382-628 N.M)净肌矩。在2-D和3-D分析中，踝关节和膝关节力矩臂的显著差异在NS期间为7-9 cm，在MS期间为12-14 cm，在WS期间为16-18 cm。结论：与NS组相比，NS组产生了踝足底屈肌净肌力矩，MS和WS组产生了踝背屈肌净肌力矩，WS组膝关节和髋部肌力矩较NS组大。下蹲的三维生物力学分析比二维生物力学分析更准确，尤其是在WS过程中。
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to quantify biomechanical parameters employing two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) analyses while performing the squat with varying stance widths. Methods: Two 60-Hz cameras recorded 39 lifters during a national powerlifting championship. Stance width was normalized by shoulder width (SW), and three stance groups were defined: I) narrow stance squat (NS), 107 +/- 10% SW; 2) medium stance squat (MS), 142 +/- 12% SW; and 3) wide stance squat (WS), 169 +/- 12% SW. Results: Most biomechanical differences among the three stance groups and between 2-D and 3-D analyses occurred between the NS and WS. Compared with the NS at 45 degrees and 90 degrees knee flexion angle (KF), the hips flexed 6-11 degrees more and the thighs were 7-12 degrees more horizontal during the MS and WS. Compared with the NS at 90 degrees and maximum KF, the shanks were 5-9 degrees more Vertical and the feet were turned out 6 degrees more during the WS. No significant differences occurred in trunk positions. Hip and thigh angles were 3-13 degrees less in 2-D compared with 3-D analyses. Ankle plantar flexor (10-51 N.m), knee extensor (359-573 N.m), and hip extensor (275-577 N.m) net muscle moments were generated for the NS, whereas ankle dorsiflexor (34-284 N.m), knee extensor (447-756 N.m), and hip extensor (382-628 N.m) net muscle moments were generated for the MS and WS. Significant differences in ankle and knee moment arms between 2-D and 3-D analyses were 7-9 cm during the NS, 12-14 cm during the MS, and 16-18 cm during the WS. Conclusions: Ankle plantar flexor net muscle moments were generated during the NS, ankle dorsiflexor net muscle moments were produced during the MS and WS, and knee and hip moments were greater during the WS compared with the NS. A 3-D biomechanical analysis of the squat is more accurate than a 2-D biomechanical analysis, especially during the WS.