The mutual knowledge problem and its consequences for dispersed collaboration
The mutual knowledge problem and its consequences for dispersed collaboration
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DOI：
10.1287/orsc.12.3.346.10098
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发表时间：
2001-05-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Cramton, CD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cramton, CD
本文提出，维护“共同知识”是地理上分散的合作的核心问题，并追溯了未能做到这一点的后果。它提出了这些过程的模型，该模型基于对13个地理上分散的团队的研究。五种类型的问题构成了共同知识的失败：未能交流和保留语境信息、信息分布不均匀、交流和理解信息的重要性、获取信息的速度不同以及难以解释沉默的含义。分析了团队中每个问题的发生频率和严重程度。归因理论、认知负荷的概念和反馈动力学被用来解释分散的合作伙伴如何解释共同知识的失败以及这些解释对努力的完整性的后果。特别是，有人认为，分散的合作者在情景、背景和约束方面未被认识到的差异构成了可能增加倾向归因而不是情景归因的“隐藏特征”，从而对凝聚力和学习产生影响。确定了这些动态的主持人和加速器，并讨论了对分散协作和配置协作的影响。
This paper proposes that maintaining "mutual knowledge" is a central problem of geographically dispersed collaboration and traces the consequences of failure to do so. It presents a model of these processes which is grounded in study of thirteen geographically dispersed teams. Five types of problems constituting failures of mutual knowledge are identified: failure to communicate and retain contextual information, unevenly distributed information, difficulty communicating and understanding the salience of information, differences in speed of access to information, and difficulty interpreting the meaning of silence. The frequency of occurrence and severity of each problem in the teams are analyzed. Attribution theory, the concept of cognitive load, and feedback dynamics are harnessed to explain how dispersed partners are likely to interpret failures of mutual knowledge and the consequences of these interpretations for the integrity of the effort. In particular, it is suggested that unrecognized differences in the situations, contexts, and constraints of dispersed collaborators constitute "hidden profiles" that can increase the likelihood of dispositional rather than situational attribution, with consequences for cohesion and learning. Moderators and accelerators of these dynamics are identified, and implications for both dispersed and collocated collaboration are discussed.