Lipopolysaccharide endotoxin injections elevated salivary TNFα and corneal temperatures and induced dynamic changes in circulating leukocytes, inflammatory cytokines, and metabolic indicators in wether lambs
Lipopolysaccharide endotoxin injections elevated salivary TNFα and corneal temperatures and induced dynamic changes in circulating leukocytes, inflammatory cytokines, and metabolic indicators in wether lambs
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DOI：
10.1093/jas/skab120
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发表时间：
2021-04-19
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Yates, Dustin T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cadaret, Caitlin N.;Abebe, Marytza D.;Yates, Dustin T.
致病性感染增加了牲畜的发病率并降低了生产性能，因此了解与感染相关的全面生理变化有助于生产的可持续性。在这项研究中，我们试图研究羔羊对急性免疫挑战的这种生理反应。多囊卵巢小鼠单次静脉注射1.5 μ g/kg脂多糖内毒素（lps注射，n = 6）或生理盐水（对照组，n = 6）。角膜温度（通过红外热像仪）、直肠温度、血液、血浆和唾液在注射后10小时内每2小时评估一次。24小时时也进行血液评估。lps注射羔羊的眼和直肠温度升高（P < 0.05），在4小时达到峰值，但在10小时仍略高于对照组（P < 0.05）。lps注射羔羊的循环白细胞、单核细胞和粒细胞总数在前4小时内减少（P < 0.05），但随后高于对照组（P < 0.05）。lps注射羔羊的淋巴细胞在前8小时内减少（P < 0.05），此后与对照组无差异。lps注射后的羔羊在前6小时内红细胞、红细胞压积和血红蛋白均升高（P < 0.05），表明羔羊轻度脱水。lps注射羔羊的血糖在2小时短暂升高（P < 0.05），但此后低于对照组（P < 0.05）。注射lps后6 ~ 10小时，羔羊血乳酸浓度升高（P < 0.05），且CO2分压降低（P < 0.05），表明代谢转向糖酵解。注射lps2后，羔羊血浆TNF α仅在第2和4小时短暂升高（P < 0.05），而CXCL9和CXCL10分别在第6和4小时开始持续升高（P < 0.05）。他们也表现出轻度的，矛盾的增加（P < 0.05），抗炎的sFRP3。lps注射后2小时，羔羊唾液TNF -升高（P < 0.05）。回归分析表明，在本研究中，除了循环白细胞群外，直肠温度通常不能很好地预测其他炎症成分。同样，本研究中测量的10种细胞因子之间的相关性通常较弱，但CXCL9和CXCL10以及IL-21和IFN γ之间存在明显的例外。这些发现表明，即使是短期免疫挑战的生理变化在本质上也是动态的，并且持续超过发热反应和其他常见评估的时间框架。
Pathogenic infections increase morbidity and reduce performance in livestock, and thus understanding the comprehensive physiological changes associated with infections can benefit production sustainability. In this study, we sought to investigate such physiological responses to an acute immune challenge in lambs. Polypay wethers received single IV injections of 1.5 mu g/kg lipopolysaccharide endotoxin (LPS-injected; n = 6) or saline (controls; n = 6). Corneal temperatures (via infrared thermography), rectal temperatures, blood, plasma, and saliva were assessed every 2 hr for 10 hr after injections. Blood was also assessed at 24 hr. LPS-injected lambs exhibited elevated (P < 0.05) comeal and rectal temperatures that peaked at 4 hr but were still slightly greater (P < 0.05) than controls at 10 hr. Circulating total white blood cells, monocytes, and granulocytes were reduced (P < 0.05) in LPS-injected lambs within the first 4 hr but were subsequently greater (P < 0.05) than in controls. Lymphocytes were reduced (P < 0.05) in LPS-injected lambs over the first 8 hr and did not differ from controls thereafter. Red blood cells, hematocrit, and hemoglobin were increased (P < 0.05) in LPS-injected lambs over the first 6 hr, indicating mild dehydration. Blood glucose briefly increased (P < 0.05) in LPS-injected lambs at 2 hr but was less (P < 0.05) than in controls thereafter. Blood lactate was greater (P < 0.05) in LPS-injected lambs between 6 and 10 hr after injections, which together with reduced (P < 0.05) CO2 partial pressure indicated a metabolic shift toward glycolysis. LPSinjected lambs exhibited a transient increase (P < 0.05) in plasma TNF alpha at 2 and 4 hr only and sustained increases (P < 0.05) in CXCL9 and CXCL10 beginning at 6 and 4 hr, respectively. They also exhibited a mild, paradoxical increase (P < 0.05) in the anti-inflammatory sFRP3. Salivary TNF alpha was increased (P < 0.05) in LPS-injected lambs at 2 hr only. Regression analyses indicated that rectal temperatures were a generally poor predictor of the other inflammatory components in this study, with the exception of circulating leukocyte populations. Likewise, correlations among the 10 cytokines measured in this study were generally weak, with notable exceptions between CXCL9 and CXCL10 and between IL-21 and IFN gamma. These findings demonstrate that physiological changes to even short-lived immune challenges are dynamic in nature and persist beyond the time frame of febrile responses and other common assessments.