Creation of a model independence for community-dwelling elders in the United States
Creation of a model independence for community-dwelling elders in the United States
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DOI：
10.1097/00006199-200509000-00002
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发表时间：
2005-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Baker, MW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baker, MW
背景资料：一个目标，许多公共政策，在支持美国老年人的独立性，但独立的意义在社区居住elders.Objective的背景下是不明确的：要创建一个初步的概念模型，独立的老年人，社区居住Americans.Methods：探索性因素分析，在二次分析的联邦数据集，第二次补充老龄化（N = 9,447）。在准备数据集后，选择了51个变量进行因子分析。初始项目减少导致21个变量的因素结构development.Results：三个因素的初步概念模型的独立性被确定为：身体功能，社会能力，身体健康。身体功能解释了29.5%的方差，包括与老年人在日常生活中发挥作用的能力有关的变量，例如他们在家中的表现。社会能力变量包括与社会活动，教育，驾驶和离开家有关的项目，并解释了8.6%的方差。身体健康解释6.1%的方差，并包括变量相关的访问医生，处方药的使用，并在床上度过的天数在过去的year.Discussion：研究结果表明，独立的身体功能的重要性和一个物理环境，支持不同层次的身体功能的重要性。社会能力在独立性中发挥作用，可能需要足够的身体功能，财政和物质资源以及社会支持。身体健康可以是身体功能的一个组成部分，也可以反映获得医疗保健的机会。未来的研究使用原始数据表明，在美国社区居住的老人的背景下，独立的概念进一步发展。独立性的概念模型将指导护士对社区老年人的评估和干预，并将帮助政策制定者优先考虑以独立性为目标的项目的支出。
Background: A goal of many public policies in support of older Americans is independence, but the meaning of independence in the context of community-dwelling elders is not clear.Objective: To create a preliminary conceptual model of independence for older, community-dwelling Americans.Methods: Exploratory factor analysis was used during secondary analysis of a federal dataset, the Second Supplement on Aging (N = 9,447). After preparation of the dataset, 51 variables were selected for possible submission to factor analysis. Initial item reduction resulted in 21 variables for factor structure development.Results: Three factors for a preliminary conceptual model of independence were identified: physical function, social ability, and physical health. Physical function, explaining 29.5% of the variance, included variables related to elders' ability to function in everyday life, such as how well they function in their homes. Social ability variables included items related to social activities, education, driving, and leaving the house, and accounted for 8.6% of the variance. Physical health explained 6.1% of the variance and included variables related to visits to the doctor, prescription drug use, and number of days spent in bed during the past year.Discussion: Findings suggest the importance of physical function for independence and the importance of a physical environment that supports various levels of physical function. Social ability plays a role in independence and may require adequate physical function, financial and material resources, and social support. Physical health may be a component of physical function or reflect access to healthcare. Future studies using primary data are indicated for further development of the concept of independence in the context of community-dwelling elders in the United States. A conceptual model of independence will guide nurses in their assessments of and interventions for older, community-dwelling adults and will help policymakers prioritize spending for programs that have independence as a goal.