The effect of transportation policies on energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission from urban passenger transportation
The effect of transportation policies on energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission from urban passenger transportation
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DOI：
10.1016/j.tra.2008.01.013
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发表时间：
2008-07
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
P. Poudenx
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Poudenx
本文简要介绍了十二个主要城市，这些城市制定了各种政策来限制私家车的使用，并评估了它们在能源消耗和温室气体排放方面的成功。包括新加坡在内的每个受审查地区都在经历能源使用、温室气体排放和/或私人车辆拥有量的增加。在欧洲，一些地区提高了交通质量并增加了客流量，吸引了非机动模式用户而不是私家车用户，从而有效地增加了总能源消耗。作者认为，旨在减少私家车使用的政策是失败的，因为它们没有考虑到人类对可达性和舒适性的倾向的现实，而且它们未能成功地试图吸引客户接受质量较差的服务。随着生活水平的提高，对可达性和舒适性的需求可能会继续增长，并且无论环境影响如何，都将得到满足。作者建议不要试图限制私家车的使用，而是建议通过投资对非机动模式更具吸引力的环境来提高替代模式的竞争力，并设计实际上能够在感知服务质量方面与私家车竞争的交通系统，同时提供更好的环境绩效。
This paper offers a brief journey through twelve major cities with various policies in place to curb private vehicle use and assesses their success in term of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission. Every region reviewed including Singapore is experiencing increase in energy use, greenhouse gas emissions and/or private vehicle ownership. In Europe, several regions improved transit quality and increased its ridership attracting non-motorized modes users instead of private vehicle users effectively increasing the total energy consumption. The author argues that policies aimed at reducing private vehicles use are failing because they do not incorporate the reality of human propensities for accessibility and comfort and they unsuccessfully try to attract customers toward services of lesser perceived quality. The demand for both accessibility and comfort will likely continue to grow with rising standards of living and will be met regardless of the environmental impact. Instead of attempting to constrain private vehicle use, the author suggests raising the competitiveness of alternate modes by investing in more attractive environments for non-motorized modes and designing transit systems actually capable of competing with private vehicles in term of perceived service quality while offering improved environmental performances.