The composition and timing of flower odour emission by wild Petunia axillaris coincide with the antennal perception and nocturnal activity of the pollinator Manduca sexta
The composition and timing of flower odour emission by wild Petunia axillaris coincide with the antennal perception and nocturnal activity of the pollinator Manduca sexta
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DOI：
10.1007/s00425-005-1506-8
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发表时间：
2005-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Kuhlemeier, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hoballah, ME;Stuurman, J;Kuhlemeier, C
在矮牵牛属中，独特的授粉综合征可能与蜜蜂访问（P. integrifolia spp.）或鹰蛾访问（P. axillaris spp.）相关。我们研究了天蛾 Manduca sexta 的花香和嗅觉之间的一致性程度。与几乎只释放苯甲醛的蜜蜂授粉的 P. integrifolia 相比，鹰蛾授粉的 P. axillaris 释放出高水平的几种化合物。酸枣中的三种主要化合物是苯甲醛、苯甲醇和苯甲酸甲酯。在南杨中，苯类化合物表现出昼夜节律，在夜间出现发射峰，而这在南杨中是不存在的。这些性状在不同的酸枣亚种和酸枣种质中高度保守，香气成分也存在一定差异。使用雌性 M. sexta 触角上不同野生矮牵牛品种的花混合进行的触角电图 (EAG) 记录表明，P. axillaris 气味比 P. integrifolia 气味引起更强的反应。 EAG 对酸枣花气味中三种主要化合物的反应最高。此外，EAG 对从酸枣花中收集的气味样本的反应证实，夜间收集的气味比白天收集的气味更能引起六角花的反应。这些结果表明，腋臭散发的气味时间与夜间天蛾活动相一致，并且花挥发性成分适应这些传粉昆虫的触角感知。
In the genus Petunia, distinct pollination syndromes may have evolved in association with bee-visitation (P. integrifolia spp.) or hawk moth-visitation (P. axillaris spp). We investigated the extent of congruence between floral fragrance and olfactory perception of the hawk moth Manduca sexta. Hawk moth pollinated P. axillaris releases high levels of several compounds compared to the bee-pollinated P. integrifolia that releases benzaldehyde almost exclusively. The three dominating compounds in P. axillaris were benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol and methyl benzoate. In P. axillaris, benzenoids showed a circadian rhythm with an emission peak at night, which was absent from P. integrifolia. These characters were highly conserved among different P. axillaris subspecies and P. axillaris accessions, with some differences in fragrance composition. Electroantennogram (EAG) recordings using flower-blends of different wild Petunia species on female M. sexta antennae showed that P. axillaris odours elicited stronger responses than P. integrifolia odours. EAG responses were highest to the three dominating compounds in the P. axillaris flower odours. Further, EAG responses to odour-samples collected from P. axillaris flowers confirmed that odours collected at night evoked stronger responses from M. sexta than odours collected during the day. These results show that timing of odour emissions by P. axillaris is in tune with nocturnal hawk moth activity and that flower-volatile composition is adapted to the antennal perception of these pollinators.