XYLAZINE EXPOSURES REPORTED TO TEXAS POISON CENTERS
XYLAZINE EXPOSURES REPORTED TO TEXAS POISON CENTERS
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.09.051
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发表时间：
2016-10-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Forrester, Mathias B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Forrester, Mathias B.
背景：赛拉嗪是一种镇静剂、镇痛剂、麻醉剂和中枢肌肉松弛剂，被批准用于动物但不用于人类。虽然甲苯噻嗪是一种新兴的滥用药物，但有关该药物潜在不良暴露的数据有限。目的：本研究的目的是描述一个大型毒物中心系统报告的潜在不良甲苯噻嗪暴露。方法：包括2000年至2014年期间向德克萨斯州毒物中心报告的所有甲苯噻嗪暴露。通过选择变量确定病例分布。结果：在76例患者中，93%的患者年龄>= 20岁，54%为男性。51%的接触发生在注射，28%通过摄入，16%通过皮肤，14%通过眼睛，3%通过吸入。64%的暴露是无意的，32%是故意的，1%与恶意使用和不良反应有关。67%的患者在联系中毒中心时已经在或正在前往医疗机构的途中，21%的患者在现场接受管理，9%的患者被转诊到医疗机构。最常见的临床反应是嗜睡或嗜睡（47%）、心动过缓（20%）、低血压（11%）、高血压（9%）、穿刺或伤口（8%）和言语不清（8%）。结论：甲苯噻嗪暴露倾向于涉及成年男性患者，暴露通常是无意的;最常通过注射发生。大多数病人已经在或在前往医疗机构的途中，当一个中毒中心联系。最常报告的不良反应是心血管或神经系统。(C)2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Background: Xylazine is a sedative, analgesic, anesthetic, and central muscle relaxant approved for animals but not humans. Although xylazine is an emerging drug of abuse, there are limited data on potentially adverse exposures to the drug. Objectives: The intent of this study was to describe potentially adverse xylazine exposures reported to a large poison center system. Methods: All xylazine exposures reported to Texas poison centers between 2000 and 2014 were included. The distribution of cases by select variables was determined. Results: Of 76 total cases, 93% of the patients were >= 20 years of age, and 54% were male. Fifty-one percent of the exposures occurred by injection, 28% by ingestion, 16% were dermal, 14% were ocular, and 3% by inhalation. Sixty-four percent of the exposures were unintentional, 32% were intentional, and 1% each was related to malicious use and adverse reaction. Sixtyseven percent of the patients were already at or en route to a health care facility when the poison center was contacted, 21% were managed on-site, and 9% were referred to a health care facility. The most common clinical effects were drowsiness or lethargy (47%), bradycardia (20%), hypotension (11%), hypertension (9%), puncture or wound (8%), and slurred speech (8%). Conclusion: Xylazine exposures tended to involve patients who were adult males, exposures were typically unintentional; and most often occurred by injection. Most of the patients were already at or en route to a health care facility when a poison center was contacted. The most frequently reported adverse effects were cardiovascular or neurologic in nature. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.