Searle, Merleau-Ponty, Rizzolatti – three perspectives on Intentionality and action in sport
Searle, Merleau-Ponty, Rizzolatti – three perspectives on Intentionality and action in sport
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塞尔、梅洛-庞蒂、里佐拉蒂——运动中意向性和行动的三种观点
DOI：
10.1080/00948705.2017.1302802
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Breivik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Breivik
体育运动中的动作具有目的性。它们是针对某件事的。这种对意向性行为的理解在大陆哲学和分析哲学中都很常见。在体育哲学中，意向性受到的关注相对较少，但最近才出现在议程上。除了塞尔（Searle）等哲学家所研究的所谓“行动意向性”（action intentionality）之外，梅洛-庞蒂（merlo - ponty）提出的现象学方法开辟了“运动意向性”（motor intentionality）的概念，这意味着身体对周围世界的基本关注和联系。这个概念与我们在体育运动中发现的身体动作的研究非常相关。然而，可能还有更深层的原因。对大脑镜像神经元的识别为一种几乎是“肌肉意向性”的研究打开了方便之门，通过这种方式，一个简单的身体动作，比如拿起杯子喝水，似乎是被有意控制和精心安排的。我本文的目标是讨论不同级别的意向性的关系,比如)“行为意向”操作在一个有意识的认知水平,例如,当一个球员在足球,一个目标b)电动机意向性的导演踢球时的身体动作,和c)肌肉的镜像神经元意向性的守门员操作当门将看到足球运动员的脚击中球。这些不同层次的意向性是如何联系在一起的？它们如何能提供一幅更细致、更完整的运动中身心活动的画面？
Abstract Actions in sport are intentional in character. They are directed at and are about something. This understanding of intentional action is common in continental as well as analytic philosophy. In sport philosophy, intentionality has received relatively little attention, but has more recently come on the agenda. In addition to what we can call ‘action intentionality,’ studied by philosophers like Searle, the phenomenological approach forwarded by Merleau-Ponty has opened up for a concept of ‘motor intentionality,’ which means a basic bodily attention and relatedness to the surrounding world. This conception is very relevant for the study of bodily actions as we find them in sports. However, there may be even deeper layers. The identification of mirror neurons in the brain has opened up for a type of almost ‘muscular intentionality’ whereby a simple bodily movement like grasping a cup to drink seems to be intentionally controlled and orchestrated. My goal in this paper is to discuss the relation between different levels of intentionality, such as a) ‘action intentionality’ operating at a conscious cognitive level, as for instance, when a player shoots a goal in football, b) the ‘motor intentionality’ directing the bodily movements when kicking the ball, and c) the muscular ‘mirror neuron intentionality’ of the goal keeper which is in operation when the keeper is seeing how the kicker’s foot hits the ball. How are these different layers of intentionality related and how can they give a more nuanced and integrated picture of the body–mind in action in sports?
熟练表演的现象学
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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作者：
Shaun Gallagher;Dan Hutto;Jesus Ilundain-Agurruza;Michael D. Kirchhoff;Katsunori Miyahara;Yuko Ishihara;Masumi Nagasaka;Haruka Okui;Asuka Suehisa;Tetsuya Kono
通讯作者：
Tetsuya Kono