Discrimination of human and dog faces and inversion responses in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris)
Discrimination of human and dog faces and inversion responses in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris)
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DOI：
10.1007/s10071-009-0303-3
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发表时间：
2010-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Mills, Daniel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Racca, Anais;Amadei, Eleonora;Mills, Daniel
尽管家犬可以对其他狗和人类表现出的许多面部线索做出反应，但目前尚不清楚它们是否可以仅根据面部线索来区分个别狗或人类，如果可以，它们是否会表现出面部反转效应，这是灵长类动物中常用来区分面部处理和物体处理的行为标志。在这项研究中，我们首先使用 2D 图片的简单物体辨别任务建立了视觉配对比较（VPC 或优先观看）程序对狗的适用性。当同时呈现先前接触过的熟悉物体时，动物表现出对新物体的明显偏好。然后我们采用这个 VPC 程序来评估他们的面部辨别和反转反应。狗表现出与随机行为的偏差，表明在检查直立的狗脸、人脸和物体图像时具有辨别能力；但观看偏好的模式取决于图像类别。他们将更长的观看时间放在新奇的（相对于熟悉的）人脸和物体上，而不是狗脸，相反，观察到更长的观看时间在熟悉的（相对于新奇的）狗脸。无论图像类别如何，都没有检测到对倒置图像有显着的观看偏好。我们的结果表明，家养狗可以单独使用面部线索来区分个体狗和人类，并且它们表现出非特异性倒置反应。此外，狗对人和狗面孔的辨别反应似乎因所涉及的面孔类型而异。
Although domestic dogs can respond to many facial cues displayed by other dogs and humans, it remains unclear whether they can differentiate individual dogs or humans based on facial cues alone and, if so, whether they would demonstrate the face inversion effect, a behavioural hallmark commonly used in primates to differentiate face processing from object processing. In this study, we first established the applicability of the visual paired comparison (VPC or preferential looking) procedure for dogs using a simple object discrimination task with 2D pictures. The animals demonstrated a clear looking preference for novel objects when simultaneously presented with prior-exposed familiar objects. We then adopted this VPC procedure to assess their face discrimination and inversion responses. Dogs showed a deviation from random behaviour, indicating discrimination capability when inspecting upright dog faces, human faces and object images; but the pattern of viewing preference was dependent upon image category. They directed longer viewing time at novel (vs. familiar) human faces and objects, but not at dog faces, instead, a longer viewing time at familiar (vs. novel) dog faces was observed. No significant looking preference was detected for inverted images regardless of image category. Our results indicate that domestic dogs can use facial cues alone to differentiate individual dogs and humans and that they exhibit a non-specific inversion response. In addition, the discrimination response by dogs of human and dog faces appears to differ with the type of face involved.