Human in vivo percutaneous absorptiometry using the laser-photoacoustic method.
Human in vivo percutaneous absorptiometry using the laser-photoacoustic method.
复制标题
使用激光光声方法进行人体体内经皮吸收测定。
DOI：
10.1021/ac00045a036
复制
发表时间：
1992
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
T. Sawada
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Takamoto;R. Namba;M. Matsuoka;T. Sawada
采用开放式PA池的PA法经皮吸收测定法可望成为一种简便易行的体内经皮吸收测定方法。特别地，该方法的一个优点是其在体内对人类的适用性。因此，这种有利的能力已在获得详细的信息进行了研究。1-2然而，传统的开放式PA单元1 -3不利于S/N和灵敏度测量，因为弱粉灯，如白炽灯或汞灯已被用作光源。此外，PA信号被亥姆霍兹谐振器放大，这涉及到应用于人体皮肤时的有用性问题。这是因为PA单元本身由于其内部结构而相对较大。因此，很难检测到药物量的微小变化，然后在皮肤上的任意部位进行经皮吸收。确定了将这些PA细胞应用于人体皮肤上的活体部位，但以细胞中的空气被紧密密封且几乎不受脉冲影响的部位为准。在具有高灵敏度的皮肤上的可选部位进行测量是相当困难的。我们已经尝试开发一种开放式PA细胞，其能够在人体皮肤上的任何可选部位进行体内测量，并且具有容易和高灵敏度。为实现这一目标，对以下几点进行了认真考虑。为了提高信噪比和灵敏度，采用激光作为光源，并提供了共振、微分和体积三种调节功能。从两个方面考虑，设计了一种新的PA单元结构。一是功能高效，操作方便，提高信噪比;二是尺寸尽可能紧凑。而且，细胞体的制作方式，也是方便使用的。作为研究这些问题的结果，开发了一种棒型便携式双开口PA电池。首先，我们将开放式PA池与纵向扩散池相结合，建立了体外经皮吸收法。该系统能够使用PA池测量在提取的皮肤上减少的药物量，并且能够同时测量通过皮肤的药物量和真实的吸光度。结果表明，应用这种新开发的开放式PA池，可以直接评价透皮吸收等透射现象。4我们尝试使用便携式双开口PA池在人体体内显示这种能力。
The percutaneous absorptiometry by the PA method using an open-ended PA cell has been expected to be an easy and simple method for in vivopercutaneous absorption mea-surements. In particular, one advantage of this method is its applicability to humans in vivo. Thus, this advantageous capability has been studied in obtaining detailed informa-tion. 1-2 However, conventional open-ended PA cells1-3 were not favorable for S/N and sensitivity measurements since a weak powder lamp such as Xe or Hg has been used as the light source. Further, PA signals were amplified by the Helmholtz resonator, which involves a question of usefulness when applied to human skin in vivo. This is because the PA cell itself is comparatively large on account of its inside structure. Therefore, it was difficult to detect small changes in the drug amount followed bypercutaneous absorption at an optional site on skin. The site for applying these PA cells on human skin in vivo was determined but subject to the spot where the air in the cell is tightly sealed and hardly influenced by pulse. It is rather difficult to measure at an optional site on skin with high sensitivity. We have tried to develop an open-ended PA cell that is capable of measuring at any optional site on human skin in vivo with ease and high sensitivity. The following points are carefully considered for achieving this goal. In orderto improve the S/N and sensitivity, a laser was used as the light source and three functions of adjusting resonance, differen-tiation, and volume were provided. A new structure for the PA cell was designed by considering two points. One was that the functions worked efficiently to improve S/Nwith easy operation, while another was that its dimensions were as compact as possible. Furthermore, the cell body was made in a form that could be easily used. As a result of studying these points, a stick type portable double open-ended PA cell was developed. This PA cell was equipped with an optical fiber which guided the laser beam light source into the PA cell.At first, we developed the in vitro percutaneous absorp-tiometry combining theopen-ended PA cell with a longitudinal diffusion cell. This system is able to measure the reduced amount of the drug on extracted skin using the PA cell and to simultaneously measure the amount of drug passed through the skin with absorbance in real time. It was directly identified that a transmission phenomenon such as percu-taneous absorption was able to be evaluated by applying this newly developed open-ended PA cell. 4 We tried showing this capability with human in vivopercutaneous absorptiometry using the portable double open-ended PA cell.